医学生个性特征对就业专业选择的影响

Influence of Personality on Specialty Preferences in Medical Students

[目的]探讨在校医学生的个性特征对就业时临床专业方向选择的影响。[方法]采用现况研究设计,从某医学院不同院系中随机抽取2100名学生,以艾森克人格问卷测试其个性特征,让其选择出最想从事的专业,并获得其人口学资料,分析专业选择与个性特征的关系。[结果]内科、外科、妇产科、儿科、辅助诊断类(影像学专业、病理科、检验科)这五种专业,其E量表(内、外向性)得分的均分差异有统计学意义(11.34±3.70,12.31±3.41,12.26±3.56,11.88±3.34,10.93±3.33,F=4.77,P<0.05),对这五种专业的E量表得分进行两两比较,有差异的两专业及其得分对比情况为内科<外科、内科<妇产科、辅助诊断<外科、辅助诊断<妇产科、辅助诊断<儿科,并可得到辅助诊断<内科<儿科<妇产科<外科。男、女间E量表均分差异有统计学意义(12.30±3.63,11.56±3.39,F=6.67,P<0.05)、P量表(精神质)均分差异亦有统计学意义(6.79±3.56,4.95±2.79,F=67.20,P<0.05)。[结论]根据在校医学生的个性特征可以预测其将来就业时的专业选择,学校和医院根据医学生的个性特征加强就业指导,可以缓解医学生的就业压力。

[ Objective ] To identify the influence of personality on medical students＇ career specialty choices. [ Methods ] A cross-sectional study was carried out among 2 100 students randomly selected from a medical college using Eysenek Personality Questionnaire （EPQ） to collect their demographic data and specialty preferences. The relationship between personality and specialty preferences was analyzed. [ Results ] There were significant differences in the scores of E scale （extraversion-introversion） among internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics and adjuvant diagnosis （respectively 11.34 ± 3.70, 12.31± 3.41, 12.26 ± 3.56, 11.88 ± 3.34, 10.93 ± 3,33, F=4.77, P 〈 0.05）. Multiple comparisons found significant differences in the scores among different specialties： internal medicine 〈 surgery, internal medicine 〈 obstetrics and gynecology, adjuvant diagnosis 〈 surgery, adjuvant diagnosis 〈 obstetrics and gynecology, adjuvant diagnosis 〈 pediatrics, and therefore adjuvant diagnosis 〈 internal medicine 〈 pediatrics 〈 0bstretrics and gynecology 〈 surgery. There were significant differences in the scores of E scale between males and females （12.30 ± 3.63, 11.56 ± 3.39, F=6.67, P〈0.05）, and in the scores of P scale （psychotism） between males and females （6.79 ± 3.56, 4.95 ± 2.79, F=67.20, P〈0.05）. [ Conclusion ] The personalities of medical students can help to predict their career preferences. Career counseling from both schools and hospitals can help to relieve their employment stress.