包头市建筑主体材料天然放射性水平

Natural radioactivity level of main building materials in Baotou, China

采用低本底多道NaIγ能谱仪测定了建筑主体材料天然放射性核素40K、232Th和226Ra的比活度,并根据国家标准和欧盟放射卫生防护原则进行分析评价。结果表明,建筑主体材料中40K、232Th和226Ra的放射性比活度分别为218.82 1145.92、19.75 132.50和11.46 82.66 Bq/kg;其内照射指数IRa为0.06 0.41,外照射指数Iγ为0.28 0.70;年有效剂量率为0.41 0.97 mSv/y,内、外照射指数均小于1,本文所采集和测定的建筑主体材料的天然放射性水平都在允许范围内,故可销售和使用。然而,灰渣砖所致的居民的年有效计量率(0.97mSv/y)接近最大允许限值1 mSv/y。因此,应有效地监管建筑材料中工业废渣的用量,避免给居民带来不必要的照射。

A survey was done on natural radioactivity level and annual effective dose rate of main building materials in Baotou, China. The natural radionuclides of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra in main building materials collected from Baotou were measured using NaI γ-ray spectrometry and the measured data were analyzed according to the national standards and radiological protection principles of the European Commission. The specific activities of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra in the building materials samples were 218.82-1145.92, 19.75-132.50 and 11.46-82.66 Bq/kg, respectively. The internal and external exposure indexes of building materials were 0.06-0.41 and 0.28-0.70, respectively. The annual effective dose equivalent was 0.41-0.97 mSv/y. This justifies the production and sale of the main building materials, as both the internal and external exposure indexes of building materials are less than 1. The effective dose rate of ash brick is 0.97 mSv/y, while the maximum acceptable value is 1 mSv/y. Therefore, it is necessary to control the amount of industrial waste residue in building materials to avoid unnecessary radioactive exposure to residents.