粤北天井山国家森林公园三种林木在2008年特大冰雪灾害后的恢复

The recovery of three species in northern Guangdong forests after 2008 winter storms

自2008年5月至2009年8月(共480 d),对遭受2008年特大冰雪灾害的广东省北部天井山国家森林公园中受灾点(海拔700 m)和未受灾点(海拔550 m)的3种植物:樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)、荷木(Schima superba)和罗浮栲(CastanopsisFagaceae)进行对比实验。选择生理指标为:光系统II最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质重(LDMC)、单位叶面积氮含量(Na)、单位叶面积多酚含量(Phena)。研究结果显示:3受灾种Fv/Fm均无下降;受灾罗浮栲、荷木的其他各指标在300 d后已恢复至正常水平,而受灾樟树的各生理指标在300 d后仍显著低于正常(p<0.1);受灾樟树的生长模式由快速生长型改变为积累营养型。研究表明:(1)雪灾损伤对光系统II没有累积效果;(2)雪灾造成的冠层改变对中下林层的营养物质分配有影响;(3)作为人工栽培种的樟树,较自然生长种需要更长的灾后恢复期。

Aims Tianjingshan National Forest Park was damaged seriously after freezing rain and ice storm in the first two month of 2008.Our objective was to survey the differences among various species after freezing disaster in plant physiology.Methods Since May 2008 to Aug 2009（for 480 days）,some plant physiological indexes（Maximum quantum yield of photosystem II（PS II） photochemistry（Fv/Fm）,polyphenol in area（Phena）,nitrogen in area（Na）,special leaf area（SLA）,leaf dry matter content（LDMC） and damage degree（leaf retention） were compared every month in three species（Castanopsis fagaceae（CF）,Cinnamomum camphora（CC）,Schima superba（SS） between two plots（disaster area,altitude 700 m and non-disaster area,altitude 550 m）.Important findings Fv/Fm of three damaged species were no significant different from non-damaged species.Damaged SS and CF were recovered after 300 days by freezing disaster whereas damaged CC was significant difference from non-damaged CC（p〈0.1）.Damaged CC changed its growth pattern from rapid production of biomass to efficient conservation of nutrients.Results showed that（1） there was no accumulative effect on photosystem II;（2）canopy structure changed due to the freezing disaster impacted the nutrient distribution of plants at the low and middle strata;（3）as a cultivated species,CC needed longer time to recovery than the local species.