水体环境中天然有机质腐殖酸研究进展

Research advances of humic acid in aquatic environments

腐殖酸作为一种资源广泛存在于自然界中,它是影响环境生态平衡的重要因素,也是潜在的、可大力开发和综合利用的有机资源。腐殖酸类物质具有多种活性官能团,具有酸性、亲水性、界面活性、阳离子交换能力、络合作用及吸附分散能力。腐殖酸概念、理论出现了重大突破,已从传统腐殖酸重点或仅研究腐殖酸自身发生中的物质流动、能量转化规律,同时着眼研究腐殖酸与土壤、水体和生物多界面的环境过程和机理。文章主要以水环境为例,天然有机质研究历史、化学结构,对环境污染物效应和去除技术等几个方面的研究进展进行了简要的总结;对现代腐殖酸的研究趋势进行了展望。

Humic acids substance widely exist in nature as a kind of resource. They have important influence on environmental eco- logical balance and can be potentially developed vigorously for muhipurpose utilization. Humic acids substance have many kinds of active functional groups, showing acidic property, hydrophilicity, interracial activity, cation exchange capacity, complexation, adsorption and dispersibility. Concepts and theories of humic acid have emerged a major breakthrough, the researchers formerly studied the traditional focus ofhumic acid or only studied the flow of substances and the transformation of energy, while are focusing the environment processes and mechanism of humic acid with soil, water and biological interfaces and microinterfaces. Using water environment as examples, this article briefly summarizes the study results of sources, chemical structure, determination, its effects on environmental pollutants, and expounds the possible fight research directions and contents refering to water environment pollution. This article also makes a !0rospect about modem humic acid.