全球化视阈下的生态伦理学研究述论

On globalization perspective of ecological ethics

作为人类文化的重要创新,生态伦理学研究推动了将道德延伸到自然界,通过协调各方利益,规范人类的环境态度和行为,重建人与自然的和谐关系,从而保证人类整体事业的繁荣。生态学所描述的仅仅自然界的自然生态,虽然其基本原理为生态伦理学所吸纳,但后者并非生态加伦理如此简单而已,它的研究对象更为广阔,也更为复杂。人始终是伦理学关怀的主体,其出发点是人,最终的对象也必然是包含人在内的整个自然。在伦理学层面上,人首先是社会性的,其次才是生物性的,在这一方面中国自古以来便形成了良好的生态文化传统。生态伦理的思想若要深深扎根当前所有人的心中,必须首先在全社会形成浓厚的生态文化,使环境保护的理念真正落到实处。以生态伦理为核心的生态文化必将成为人类社会生态文明建设的指南。21世纪继往开来的中国的生态伦理学应该具有清晰的价值定位,不仅需要超越生态学的全自然视角,突出人的社会性,而且需要体现社会主义的制度特征,构建自己的生态伦理话语体系。

Through multilateral benefits coordination, the standardization of environmental attitudes and actions of human being and the reconstruction of the harmonious relationship between human and nature, the eco-ethical research, an important initiation of human culture, is helpful in extending ethics into nature to guarantee the prosperity of the holistic cause of mankind. Ecology only focuses on nature itself and its fundamental principles are assimilated by ecoethics, but ecoethics is not the simple combination of ecology and ethics because its research has a much broader range and is more complicated. Ecoethics starts with the research of human and its terminal object is necessarily involved in the whole nature, inclusive of human being since human beings are always the main part in the concern of ecoethies, In terms of ecoethics, the social nature of human should come first, then their biological nature. Because of this, China has formed a good tradition in ecological culture from ancient times to the present. If the ecoethcial ideas are expected to be deeply rooted in human minds, the strong atmosphere of ecological culture must be firstly established and the environmental ideas should be really put into practice as well. Thus the ecological culture, taking ecoethies as its core, will be surely the guide to the construction of ecological civilization of human society. In the 2 lth century, China, who continue with the past and open up to the future, should have a clear orientation in terms of ecoethics. It should not only go beyond ecology in the aspect of its viewpoint and emphasize social nature of human, but also embody the characteristic of socialist system and construct its own ecoethical discourse system.