尕海4种湿地类型土壤水分特性研究

Soil Moisture Properties in Four Types of Wetland in Gahai

对尕海草本泥炭地、沼泽湿地、高山湿地和洪泛湿地的土壤含水量、容重、孔隙度、持水量及贮水量等物理性质进行了研究。研究结果表明:①草本泥炭地、沼泽湿地、高山湿地和洪泛湿地土壤含水量分别为225.13%、159.46%、179.47%、111.78%;②4种湿地类型土壤的容重随土层深度的增加而增加,在0～80 cm土层,草本泥炭地、沼泽湿地、高山湿地和洪泛湿地的土壤容重平均值分别为0.89 g/cm3、1.17 g/cm3、1.11 g/cm3、1.18 g/cm3;③4种湿地类型土壤毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、饱和持水量、毛管持水量和贮水能力随土层深度增加而逐渐减小;④在草本泥炭地、沼泽湿地、高山湿地和洪泛湿地中,土壤的毛管持水量分别是土壤自身重量的2.50、1.51、1.00、1.78倍,饱和持水量分别是土壤自身重量的2.83、1.81、1.25、2.08倍;⑤4种不同湿地类型中,草本泥炭地的土壤较疏松、孔隙度大、通气性好、持水和蓄水能力强。

In this paper, the soil moisture content, soil bulk density, soil porosity, retention capacity of soil wa- ter and soil water storage of peatland, marsh wetland, mountains wetland and flood wetland in Gahai were re- searched. The results are as follows： （1） The soil moisture contents in peatland, marsh wetland, mountains wet- land and flood wetland were 225.13% , 159.46% , 179.47% and 111.78% respectively; （2） The soil bulk den- sity of four types of wetland increased with the increase of soil depth. In soil layer of 0 - 80 cm, the soil bulk densi- ties of peatland, marsh wetland, mountains wetland and flood wetland were 0.89 g/cm3, 1.17 g/cm3, 1.11 g/cm3 and 1.18 g/cm3 respectively ; （3） In four types of wetland, the soil capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, re- tention capacity of saturated soil water, retention capacity of soil water and soil water storage were decreased gradu- ally with the increase of soil depth ; （4） In peatland, marsh wetland, mountains wetland and flood wetland, reten- tion capacities of soil capillary water were 2.50, 1.51, 1.00 and 1.78 times of soil weight, and retention capacity of saturated soil water were 2.83, 1.81, 1.25 and 2.08 times of soil weight, respectively; （5） In four types wet- land, soil in peatland was looser, its porosity was larger, its ventilation was better, and retention and storage of soil water storage was higher than those of others.