播期和晚播秸秆覆盖对加工番茄干物质积累和产量的影响

Effect of sowing date and late-sowing with straw mulching on dry matter accumulation and yield of tomato

为了探讨播期及晚播期条件下秸秆覆盖保护对加工番茄干物质积累和产量形成的影响。在2009年和2010年以里格尔87-5为材料进行了播期(4月10日、4月25日、5月10日和5月20日)和晚播秸秆覆盖(5月10日F+J和5月20日F+J)的试验。结果表明:在北疆气候条件下播期和秸秆覆盖对移栽和直播加工番茄的物质积累和产量形成都有显著的影响。随着播期的推迟,移栽和直播植株总干物质积累量和产量呈显著下降趋势。移栽和直播单株产量均以4月25日最高,分别为4 498.2 g/株和3 955.9 g/株,显著高于其他播期。在产量构成因子中,播期对移栽和直播植株单株有效结果数影响显著,对平均单果重影响不显著。晚播条件下秸秆覆盖后植株生长较同播期不覆盖处理得到明显改善,移栽植株总干重增加15.5%和9.6%,产量增加36%和39.8%;直播植株总干重增加27.8%和15.7%,产量增加12.2%和9%。秸秆覆盖后移栽植株平均单果重显著增加,而直播植株保持不变或略有降低。

In order to study the effect of different sowing date and late-sowing with straw mulch on dry matter accu-mulation and yield composition of tomato for processing, a field experiment was conducted on Shihezi University （86°01＇ E, 44°26＇N）during 2009--2010. In the study, four sowing dates （Apr. 10, Apr.25, May 10 and May 20） and late- sowing straw mulch （May 10 F ＋ J; May 20 F ＋ J） treatments were conducted in field. The tomato cultivar ＇ Liger 87 - 5＇ was selected to plant. The results showed that the sowing date and straw mulching had significant effect on the dry matter accumulation and yield of transplanted and directly-seeded tomato. The dry matter accumulation and yield had a significant tendency of gradually decreasing with the delay of sowing time. The highest yield per plant of transplanted and directly-seeded tomato in this experiment appeared in the tomato sown on Apr. 24, its yield could be 4498.2 g/plant and 3955.9 g/plant, significantly higher than that sown on other days. In yield composition factors, sowing date had signifi- cant influence on the number of valid fruit of individual plant but had not significant influence on the average weight per fruit. The treatment of late-sowing with straw mulching had significant effect on plant growth compared with no straw mulching on the same sowing date. The dry matter accumulation of transplanted plants increased by 15.5 % and 9.6%, the yield of transplanted plant increased by 36 % and 39.8 %. The dry matter accumulation of directly sown plants in- creased by 27.8% and 15.7%, while the yield of directly sown plants increased by 12.2% and 9% . The average weight per fruit of transplanted plants increased significantly by using straw mulching and that of directly-sown ones remained the same or decreased slightly.