陕西渭北旱原苹果种植区划与产业发展战略

Regional planning of apple planting and development strategy of apple industry in Weibei highland of Shaanxi Province

通过生产典型调研、统计数据分析与ArcGIS数据处理,得出渭北旱原苹果业发展成就与存在问题,突出表现为果园土壤干燥化严重,水利设施发展不足,种植区域布局不够明确,品种结构不合理,果品加工贮销企业规模小,果业产业化水平偏低,苹果产业社会化服务体系尚不健全等问题。在现有地形、植被、气象等资料的基础上提出将渭北旱原苹果种植区可分为西部山地沟壑中晚熟苹果区(Ⅰ区)、中部残原沟壑中晚熟苹果区(Ⅱ区)、北部高原沟壑晚熟苹果区(Ⅲ区)和东部台原沟壑中晚熟苹果区(Ⅳ区)等4个功能区域。在功能划分的基础上,"十二五"期间渭北旱原苹果产业发展战略措施概况为:优化生产布局、调整品种结构,扩大绿色果品基地规模,高海拔地区以晚熟品种苹果为主,低海拔地区重点发展中早熟及加工鲜食兼用品种;通过树立可持续发展理念,加强新技术推广力度,推进"果畜"结合,培育加工和贮销龙头企业,组建专业合作组织,开拓国内国际销售市场等手段建立市场化长效机制,提升苹果产业化程度。

By combination method of typical apple production investigations, statistical data analysis, and ArcGIS data processing, achieved accomplishments and its main problems of apple industry development in Weibei highland were summarized. The main problem were： severe soil desiccation, shortage of Water conservancy facilities, Lack of clear planting planning, disorder of varieties construction, small scale of fruit manufacture and storing industry, etc. Appropri- ate regional planning was carried out： the apple planting region of Weibei highland was divided into 4 functional sub- zones： Mid-late-ripening apple production zone in westem hilly-gully region, Mid-late-ripening apple production zone in middle gully region, Late-ripening apple production zone in northern gully region, and Mid-late-ripening apple production zone in eastern terrace-gully region. Strategies for the apple industry development in Weibei highland during the ＂12th five-year plan＂ period were presented out： First, to optimize regional distribution of apple planting, and to adjust variety structure of apple harvesting date by expanding green and healthy apple stations, planting late-ripening varieties in high altitude areas and early-ripening varieties in low altitude areas; Second, to promote further industrialization of apple pro- duction by establishing conception of sustainable development, enhancing popularization of new technology, connecting the industries of fruit and animal husbandry, fostering key companies on manufacture and storing, founding specialized cooperation organizations, expanding domestic and international sales market etc.