极端干旱区垂直线源灌方式对葡萄生长及水分利用效率的影响

Effect of vertical line source irrigation method on grape growth and water use efficiency in extremely arid regions

灌溉方式对根系湿润方式的不同会影响作物生长及其对水分的利用效率。以常规滴灌方式为对照,通过田间试验研究了垂直线源灌方式对葡萄生长和水分利用效率的影响,结果表明:葡萄生育关键期灌水前后垂直线源灌方式根层土壤平均含水率可达到田间持水率的75.1%和82.8%,常规滴灌方式为田间持水率的60%和72%;垂直线源灌条件下净光合速率,蒸腾速率,气孔导度均较常规滴灌高,净光合速率均经历了气孔限制和非气孔限制,其中由水分胁迫引起的非气孔限制,垂直线源灌晚于常规滴灌出现,且表现不明显;垂直线源灌方式在地上生物量生长方面略好于常规滴灌方式,但两者未表现出明显差异;垂直线源灌方式较常规滴灌方式在产量上提高了1.2%;叶片水平上的水分利用效率,垂直线源灌方式较常规滴灌方式提高了57.4%。

The effects of irrigation methods on the manner and scope of soil moisture may influence the crop root water uptake, thereby affecting crop growth and water use efficiency. With conventional drip irrigation method as the control treatment, a field experiment was carried out to study the characteristics of grape growth and water use efficiency under vertical line source irrigation method. The results show that during the key stages of grape growth, under pre and post ir- rigation, the average moisture content of the soil root layer can be up to 75.1% and 82.8 % of field capacity respective- ly, while under conventional drip irrigation the field water-holding ratio is 60 % and 72 % ; and the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance under vertical line source irrigation are higher than those under convention- al drip irrigation, the net photosynthetic rate experiences both stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation, the non- stomatal limitation caused by water stress under vertical line source irrigation occurs later than under conventional drip ir- rigation, and the performance is not obvious; Vertical line source irrigation method in terms of aboveground biomass growth is slightly better than conventional drip irrigation method, but does not show significant differences between the two; Vertical line source drip irrigation method increases the yield by 1.2% compared to the conventional way; And it can also increase the water use efficiency in the leaf level by 68.8 %.