微咸水简易渗灌对温室番茄生长及生理特性的影响

Effect of simplified infiltration irrigation with saline water on the growth and physiological characteristics of tomato in greenhouse

通过温室栽培试验,研究了两种灌溉方式（地面沟灌、简易渗灌）和两个灌溉水盐分浓度（淡水、5 g/L微咸水）共4个处理（1.沟灌＋淡水,简称沟淡处理;2.沟灌＋微咸水,简称沟咸处理;3.简易渗灌＋淡水,简称渗淡处理;4.简易渗灌＋微咸水,简称渗咸处理）下的番茄生长、产量、品质、叶水势、光合特性及土壤盐分积累的变化。结果表明：（1）两种灌溉方式比较,淡水灌溉时,简易渗灌的植株干物质量显著低于沟灌,但微咸水灌溉时的这种差异不明显;沟灌条件下,微咸水灌溉比淡水灌溉植株干物质量降低7.06%,而简易渗灌下的这种下降不明显;（2）两种灌溉方式下,微咸水灌溉均使番茄产量降低,但未达到显著水平;简易渗灌与沟灌相比,果实产量提高约3.3%,且渗咸处理的果实品质优于沟咸处理;（3）淡水灌溉时,两种灌溉方式间的叶片水势、叶绿素含量没有显著差异,但微咸水灌溉时,叶片水势降低0.07~0.15MPa、叶绿素含量降低1.65%~21.8%,简易渗灌下下降幅度显著低于沟灌;（4）沟灌条件下,微咸水灌溉与淡水灌溉相比,叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率与气孔导度分别降低14.29%、19.74%和33.46%,均达显著水平,但简易渗灌下的这种变化不明显,且蒸腾效率显著升高;（5）渗咸处理的0~40cm土层土壤积盐程度轻于沟咸处理。初步结论：温室番茄实行微咸水简易渗灌,使根层土壤积盐较轻、植株叶片水分状态较好、叶片光合等生理活动维持在较高的水平、蒸腾效率提高,从而使果实产量提高、品质较优。

A greenhouse culture experiment was carried out to study the variation of the growth, yield, quality, leaf water potential and photosynthetic characteristic of tomato and soil salt accumulation under two irrigation methods （ Furrow irrigoti0n and simplified infiltration irrigation） with two kinds of water （Fresh water and 5 g/L saline water） including four treatments （Furrow irrigation with fresh water, Furrow irrigation with saline water, Simplified infiltration irrigation with fresh water, Simplified infiltration irrigation with saline water）. The results show that： （1） To compare the two irri- gation methods, the plant dry matter is significantly less in simplified infiltration irrigation than in furrow irrigation when fresh water is used, but there is not much difference between the two methods when saline water is used. In furrow irriga- tion, the plant dry matter is 7.06% less with saline water than with fresh water, but there is mot much difference be- tween two kinds of water in simplified infiltration irrigation. （2） In two irrigation methods, irrigation with saline water re- duces tomato yield, but not significantly. Compared with furrow irrigation, simplified infiltration irrigation increases fruit yield by 3.3 %, and the fruit quality is better in this method when saline water is used. （3） When fresh water is used, there is not significant difference in leaf water potential and chlorophyll content between the lwo methods. When saline water is used, leaf water potential decreases by 0.07 - 0.15 MPa, chlorophyll content drops by 1.65% - 21.8%, and the decrease amplitude in simplified infiltration irrigation is much less than that in furrow irrigation. （4） In furrow irriga- tion, leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decrease by 14.29 %, 19.74% and 33.46% with saline water compared to fresh water, reaching significant level, but there is mot much vmhation in these indexes and the transpiration efficiency is greatly improved in simplified infiltration irrigation. （5） The salt accumulation in 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer in simplified infiltration irrigation is less than that in furrow irrigation when saline water is used. It is prelimi- narily concluded that simplified infiltration irrigation with saline water for greenhouse tomato keeps the salt accumulation in root layer in low level, leaf water in good state, leaf photosynthesis rate and transpiration efficiency in high level, thus increasing fruit yield and improving its quality.