固体活性有机肥对河西内陆灌区玉米田理化性质和经济效益的影响

Effect of solid active organic fertilizers on physicochemical properties and economic benefits of corn field in Hexi inland irrigation district

在甘肃河西内陆灌区连作8 a的玉米制种田上,采用田间试验方法,研究了固体活性有机肥施用量与玉米制种田理化性质和玉米经济性状及效益的关系。结果表明:固体活性有机肥最佳组合是:糠醛渣45 t/hm2、牛粪67.50 t/hm2、生物菌肥0.06 t/hm2、聚乙烯醇0.03 t/hm2、保水剂0.06 t/hm2;固体活性有机肥施用量与玉米制种田孔隙度、团粒结构、蓄水量、有机质、速效氮磷钾、EC呈正相关,与容重、pH呈负相关;随着固体活性有机肥施用量的增加,制种玉米产量在增加,但单位质量固体活性有机肥的增产量则随着固体活性有机肥施肥量的增加而递减,出现报酬递减律;固体活性有机肥施用量在112 t/hm2的基础上,再增加28.00 t/hm2,边际利润出现负值;经回归统计分析,固体活性有机肥最佳施用量为111.40 t/hm2时,制种玉米的理论产量为7.28 t/hm2。

An experiment was conducted in the field with eight-year continious corn planting in Xexi inland irriga- tion district of Gansu to study the relationship between the amount solid active organic fertilizer arid physicochemical prop- erties of corn field and economic benefits of corn production. The results show that： the best combination of solid active organic fertilizer is furfural residue： 45 t/hm2, cow dung： 67.50 t/hm2, bio-fertilizer： 0.06 t/hm2, polyvinyl alcohol： 0.03 t/hm2, water retention agent ： 0.06 t/hm2 ; The amount solid active organic fertilizer was positively correlated with soil porosity, aggregate structure, water storage, content of organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium and EC, while it was negatively correlated with soil bulk density and pH; With the increase of solid active organic fertilizer, the corn yield increases, but the increasing amount resulting from per unit （1 kg） solid active organic fertilizer, declines a- long with the increase of the fertilizer, presenting the law of diminishing returns; On the basis of the amount of 112 t/hm2 solid active organic fertilizer, additional 28.00 t/hm2 fertilizer brings about negative profit margin; Through regression analysis, it is found that the best application rate of solid active organic fertilizer is 111.40 t/hm2, when the theoretical corn yield is 7.28 t/hm2.