家族企业接班人的胜任—绩效建模——基于越商代际传承的实证分析

Competent-performance Modeling of Family Business Successors:Based on the Empirical Analysis to Shaoxing Businessman's Inheritance

接班人的选择与培养对于家族企业的生存发展至关重要。本文通过文献回顾、深度访谈和问卷调查方式,采用探索性和验证性因子分析方法构建了家族企业接班人的胜任—绩效模型。结果显示,模型具有较好的拟合度,家族企业接班人胜任能力包括社会网络、政府关系、发现机会、承担风险、资源整合、战略决策、学习创新和科学管理八个因子,其中,前四个因子和后四个因子可以分别归属于管理素质和管理技能两个一级因子;家族企业的继承绩效包括客观绩效和主观绩效两个因子,其中,客观绩效包括人才结构、产品技术、品牌形象、市场份额、利润增长和企业规模六个二级因子,而主观绩效主要包括家族满意和员工满意两个二级因子;社会网络、学习创新、政府关系、资源整合等因子对于家族企业的继承绩效具有更显著的相关性关系,而社会网络和政府关系对于企业继承的影响颇具中国特色。

The choice and training of successor is important for family enterprise＇s survival and development. This paper uses exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis method to build a competency- performance model of family business successors through literature review, interviews and questionnaire survey. The succession competence of family business mainly refers to family business succession process smoothly and can produce high-quality inherited performance includ- ing the knowledge, technology, skills and other characters of the family business successor. Family business successor competent ability includ- ing social network, government relations, discovered by chance, risk, resource integration, strategic decision-making, learning innovation and scientific management of 8 factors. Among them, the first 4 factors and the last 4 factors can be attributed to the quality of management and the management skill respectively. Family business succession inheritance performance including 2 factors： the objective performance and subjec- tive performance. The objective performance includes the personnel structure, product technology, brand, market share, profit growth and enterprise scale of 6 two-level factors, and the subjective performance mainly includes family satisfaction and employee satisfaction of 2 two- level factors. Social network, learning innovation, government relation, integration of resources and other factors have a significant positive cor- relation for family business succession performance. Affection of social network and government relation to family business by the succession has ＂Chinese characteristic＂. Thus, the selection and training process of the family business successor should pay more attention to these factors. The entrepreneurs＇ social network and government relations belong to the enterprise external network, mainly refers to relationship set between the enterprise and suppliers, agents, customers, competitors, university, research institutes, financial institutions, government, industry associa- tions, accrediting agency and so on. Family business success is attrib- uted to better social network and good construction to obtain the social network. And as social network become more widespread, enterprises can obtain outside resources more likely, hence enterprises will get more essential resources. At the same time, the government resources （ includ- ing policy, taxation, regulation, etc.） are the scarce resources for Chinese enterprises＇ survival and development, which requires the family busi- ness successors to have a certain＂ political skills＂. This study also proves such conclusion that informal system in the socialist market economy of Chinese characteristic background may play a more important role in enterprise external network.