从无知之幕到分配正义——罗尔斯正义论的“哲学—历史”逻辑演进

From Ignorance to Distributive Justice: On "Philosophy-history" Logical Evolution of Rawls' Theory of Justice

罗尔斯正义论体系分为理想理论和非理想理论。"次序"或"优先性"是衔接两部分的关键,它赋予正义论体系最鲜明的逻辑特征。原初状态的理性人,内蕴着一种历史的观念,是逻辑和历史的起点。制度正义连接正义原则和分配正义,是体现逻辑和历史交汇的核心地带。随着正义原则由社会基本结构进入现实分配领域,不完善的一般性继续进化为合理的一般性——一种历史的理性。至此,从原初状态开始的哲学和历史结合的逻辑基本实现了它本身的发展形式,即从逻辑一般到现实历史。

Rawls＇ theory of justice is divided into ideal theory and non ideal theory.＂Order＂ or ＂priority＂ is the key to connect the two parts,which is the most distinctive logic characteristic of the justice system.The original state of the rational person—an idea of history,is the starting point of logic and history.The justice of system is connected with the principles of justice and distributive justice,which is core area to embody intersection of logic and history.From the basic structure of society into reality allocation,the principle of justice becomes historical reason.Thus,logic connected philosophy with history from the original state achieved its development form,namely from the general to the reality.