卫星搭载对茄子后代主要性状遗传变异的影响及其选育技术研究

Effect of satellite carrying on genetic mutation in major traits of eggplant progeny and its breeding technology

以3个茄子品种为材料,探讨卫星搭载对茄子SP1至SP4代的变异发生情况。结果表明:卫星搭载对茄子SP1代种子的发芽率和发芽势有一定的影响,但差异不明显。茄子的变异主要出现在SP2代。卫星搭载对茄子株高、最大叶面积、植株开展度及果实性状等都有一定的影响。并提出了茄子空间诱变育种的选育方法:即搭载种子应不少于500粒,SP1代采用单株编号单株留种。SP2代种植时应确保SP1留下的所有单株且群体不少于1 000株。选育重点在SP2代,SP2代只选择变异株进行留种,对入选的变异材料采用单株编号单株留种。SP3代及以后各世代,对有利用价值的变异株系均采取单株留种,下一代每株系种植30株以上,直到选出稳定的优良变异材料。

Three varieties of eggplant seeds were carried by spaceship and the variation of SP1 - SP4 generations were studied. The results showed that the germination rate and germination potential of SP1 generation was affected com- pared with the earth control but showed no significant difference. Main variations of eggplant Were observed in SP2 generation. The plant height, largest leaf area, leaf expansion degree and fruit characteristics of eggplant were affect- ed by satellite carrying. The breeding techniques on space-induced mutations of eggplant were proposed as follows： The seed number carried by spaceship should be not less than 500. SP1 generation should be numbered individually, as well as the seed reservation. All SP1 plants not less than 1 000 were kept for the planting of SP2 generation. SP2 was the focal point for breeding and only the seeds of variant plants were reserved. The selected variant materials should be numbered and reserved individually. In SP3 generation and afterward generations, the valuable variant plant seeds should be reserved individually. More than 30 individuals should be planted for the next generation of each group until the superior variant materials was selected.