试论《老子》中的“无”及其与“有”和“道”的关系

“Nonbeing” and Its Relationship with “Being” and “Tao” in Laotze

以近年出土的竹简和帛书《老子》文本为依据,结合传统中国哲学思想的特点,整理了《老子》中"无"的众多涵义和用法。"无"在《老子》中是一个极重要的形而上的概念,是生成宇宙万物的本源;在宇宙生成论上虽"有"、"无"并举,但《老子》中更强调"无"的重要性;"道"与"无"在某些方面含义相同,但"道"具有更丰富的内涵和特征,是《老子》哲学思想最根本的核心。

In accordance with the characteristic of traditional Chinese philosophy, this paper analyzes the meanings and usages of ＂Nonbeing＂ based on the newly excavated bamboo and silk texts of Laotze found in Guodian, Hubei Province and in Mawangdui, Hu＇nan Province. It concludes that as an important meta-physical concept, ＂Nonbeing＂ is considered as the original source of the universe. Though ＂Nonbeing＂ and ＂Being＂ are similar in terms of cosmology, ＂.Nonbeing＂ is more emphasized in Laotze. Though sharing similar meanings with ＂Nonbeing＇, ＂Tao＂ is rieher in meaning and features, and it is the most important philosophical concept in Laotze.