基于Geomatics的南京东郊野生动物景观安全格局分析——以露牙獐为例

Geomatics-Based Analysis of Landscape Security Pattern for Wild Animals in Eastern Suburb of Nanjing City ——A Case Study of Hydropotes inermis

以南京东郊中型哺乳动物露牙獐为研究对象,采用2007—2009年47个物种痕迹点和江苏基础地理信息数据库的8个环境变量为主要信息源,在空间信息技术Geomatics支持下,采用最大熵法(Maxent)生态位模型,建立潜在生境预测模型。通过ArcGIS空间分析模块,构建露牙獐景观安全格局。结果表明:在快速交通网络的囚笼效应作用下,保护对象露牙獐的潜在生境呈高度破碎化空间分布格局;在影响露牙獐潜在生境的生态环境因子中,距公路距离(41.9%)、距铁路距离(17.8%)、距居民点距离(14.7%)3个因子的贡献率占74.4%;在研究区域,露牙獐有3个呈大陆-岛屿复合种群关系的栖息地,4条栖息地的源间联接通道,3个位于山间谷地和鞍部的战略点。

Taking the medium size indicator mammal Chinese river deer （Hydropotes inermis） in eastern sub- urb of Nanjing City as the research object, and 47 species evidence data collected between 2007 -2009 together with data of 8 environmental variables provided by basic geographic information database of Jiangsu Province as the major information source, a potential habitat forecast model was established by means of the maximum entropy method （Maxent） under the support of spatial information technology of Geomatics. Then the landscape security pattern of Hydropotes inermis was built through spatial analysis module of ArcGIS. The results showed that the po- tential habitat of the protected wild animal was highly fragmented under the influence of bird cage effect from the rapid transportation network. Among the 8 environmental factors that influenced on the potential habitat for Hydro- potes inermis, the contribution ratio of the distance to highway （41.9%）, distance to railroad （ 17.8% ） and the distance to residence （14.7%） accounted for 74.4%. Inside the study area, there were 3 patches of potential habitats for the animal which comprised continent-island comprehensive population pattern, 4 pieces of inter-source linkage corridors, 3 patches of strategic points situated in the valley and saddle localities.