不同施肥措施对罗马花椰菜产量、品质及氮平衡的影响

Effect of Different Fertilizer Application Countermeasures on Yield,Quality of Romanesco Broccoli and Nitrogen Balance

在京郊保护地菜田条件下,研究了常规施肥(CON)、优化+填闲+调C/N(OCC)、施用控释肥(CRF1,CRF2)等施肥措施对罗马花椰菜产量、品质和土壤无机氮残留的影响,并对土壤-作物体系氮素平衡进行了分析。结果表明:不同施肥措施使罗马花椰菜增产14.75%～21.54%,吸氮量增加12.65%～15.51%。施肥处理间罗马花椰菜可食部分硝酸盐含量由高到低依次为:常规施肥>优化+填闲+调C/N>控释肥1>控释肥2。收获后,0～200cm土体无机氮浓度变化为:常规施肥>控释肥1>控释肥2>优化+填闲+调C/N。与常规施肥相比,优化+填闲+调C/N和施用控释肥处理降低了土壤中无机氮的累积,分别减少土壤-作物体系的氮素盈余45.17%、21.40%和31.73%。减量施氮、种植填闲作物、施用秸秆及施用缓控释肥等是提高氮素利用率,减少氮素损失的有效措施。

Field experiment was conducted in greenhouse in the suburb of Beijing to determine the effect of different fertilizer application countermeasures （conventional fertilization, optimized fertilization with catch crop and C/N ratio, control-released fertilizer） on yield and quality of Romanesco Broccoli,and the soil nitrate content and apparent N balance of Soil-Romanesco Broccoli system were analyzed. The results showed that different fertilizer application countermeasures increased yield by 14. 75%-21.54%, and N uptake by 12. 65%- 15. 51%. The nitrate content of Romanesco Broccoli edible department between different fertilizer processing were followed by CON〉OCQ〉CRFI〉CRF2. After Romanesco Broccoli harvested,Nmin, contents in the soil profile （0-200 cm） were：CON〉CRFI〉CRF2〉OCC〉CK. Contract with CON,optimized fertilization with catch crop and C/N ratio and applying control-released fertilizer decreased Nmin, accumulation and reduced N surplus of soil-plant system by 45. 17%,21.40% and 31.73%,respectively..Some effective methods, such as reducing nitrogen rate, nitrogen-catch crop, C/N ratio and control-released fertilizer application, were put forward to reduce nitrogen leaching and improve use efficiency.