小儿喘息性疾病病因及流行病学分析

Causes of asthmatic diseases in children and epidemiological analysis

目的:探讨小儿喘息性疾病的病因和流行病学特征。方法:选择185例小儿喘息性疾病患儿,根据出院诊断分为支气管哮喘组、毛细支气管炎组和喘息性肺炎组,对其流行病学及辅助检查特点进行分析。结果:此类疾病冬季高发,3岁以下男孩多见;支气管哮喘组过敏史和家族史发生率较高,与其他两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);支气管哮喘组、喘息性肺炎组白细胞计数(WBC)和C-反应蛋白(CRP)增高较多,但3组总体比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);支气管哮喘组嗜酸性粒细胞增高率为47.5%,与其他两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);喘息性肺炎组和支气管哮喘组肺炎支原体抗体阳性率较高,依次为49.2%和34.6%,与毛细支气管炎组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:小儿喘息性疾病具有自己的病因和流行病学特征,且不同性质的疾病各有不同,临床上要正确认识、合理治疗。

Objective： To explore the causes and epidemiological characteristics of asthmatic diseases in children. Methods： A total of 185 children with asthmatic diseases were selected and divided into bronchial asthma group, bronchiolitis group, and asthmatic pneumonia group according to discharge diagnosis, then the epidemiological characteristics and assistant examination characteristics were analyzed. Results： Winter was the season with high prevalence, and the diseases were commonly found in boys under three years; the incidences of allergic history and family history in bronchial asthma group were high, there was significant difference compared with the other two groups （P 〈 0. 05） ; white blood cell counts and C - reactive protein levels in bronchial asthma group and asthmatic pneumonia group increased, but there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups （ P 〉 0. 05 ） ; the rate of increase of eosinophils in bronchial asthma group was 47. 5 %, there was significant difference compared with the other two groups （P 〈 0. 05） ; the positive rates of Myco- plasma pneumoniae antibody in asthmatic pneumonia group and bronchial asthma group were 49. 2% and 34. 6% respectively, there was significant difference compared with bronchiolitis group （ P 〈 0.05 ） . Conclusion： Asthmatic diseases in children have their own causes and epidemiological characteristics, and different diseases varied, correct recognition and reasonable treatment are imoortant in clinic.