心理学因素对高血压患者运动行为的影响

Psychological factors of adopting and maintaining physical activity for individuals with hypertension in a community

目的了解高血压患者运动行为的社会心理学影响因素，为发展有效的运动干预计划提供依据。方法利用社区高血压患者运动干预项目基线调查数据。该项目采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法，选择武汉市6个城区12个社区586例高血压患者作为研究对象。通过面对面采访，有559例完成问卷调查，应答率为95．4％。采用描述性分析和Cronbach信度检验测试因子的信度，采用层次回归分析研究运动行为与社会心理学因素之间的关系。结果运动相关心理量表具有较好的信度，Cronbach’s α值为0．7—0．9。高血压患者所处的运动阶段越高，各心理学因子得分越高。广义线性模型结果显示自我效能（β=0．379）和运动快乐（β=0．234）与运动行为显著相关（P〈0．05）；行为过程（β=0．069）和家庭支持（β=0．163）略有增加运动行为（P〈0．10）。结论高血压运动干预项目应增加自我效能和运动愉悦感，同时提供家庭支持和发展适当的运动形式，促进运动行为的变化。

Objective To examine the impact ofpsychosocial factors on physical activity, so as to provide guidance for the development of an effective physical activity intervention program for individuals with hypertension. Methods This study used a baseline data from an intervention study on regular physical activity among hypertensive individuals. A multi-stage, stratified random sampling was utilized and finally 12 communities from 6 urban districts were chosen. Questionnaires were administrated through face-to-face interviews. A total of 586 participants were recruited and finally 559 completed the interviews with the response rate as 95.4%. Descriptive statistics and Cronbach＇ s a coefficients were used to test the reliability. General Linear Model analysis was used to analyze the relationship between stages of physical activity and psychological factors. Results Psychosocial measures on physical activity demonstrated good reliability with Cronbach a coefficient from 0.7 to 0.9. The scores for each psychological measures increased by increasing the scores of stages of physical activity. General Linear Model analysis revealed self-efficacy （β=0.379） while enjoyment of physical activity （β =0.234） was significantly correlated with physical activity （P〈0.05）. The behavioral processes and family support marginally increased the physically activity （β=0.069 for behavioral processes and β=0.163 for family support, P〈0.10）. Conclusion Our findings were informative for the development of community-based intervention programs on physical activity among hypertensive individuals. It indicated that physical activity intervention programs should be psychosocial theory-based, especially increasing their self-confidence and enjoyment, as well as with family support, in order to adopt and maintain the physical activities.