互联网大规模灾害响应中的志愿行动网络研究

Study on Structure and Features of Voluntary Action Networks in Disaster Relief——Based on the Analysis of Huaxia Gongyi VAN Mass Collaboration Case

近年来,基于互联网大规模灾害响应的民间志愿行动网络迅猛发展,成为救灾救援中不可忽视的重要力量。2008—2011年在灾害响应中发展起来的"华夏志愿行动网络"案例研究的基础上,试图探究这类行动网络的结构特征。研究发现网络参与者以相对固定的QQ群界定边界,高效地使用各种网络手段进行沟通和动员,异质化身份和丰富的公益资源使得它们在灾害响应时能快速而有效地协作;网络结构呈现"非层级化"和"去中心化"特点,自组织特征明显;网络的信任结构体现基于平行互动的特殊信任和一般信任所组成信任关系特点,特殊信任所组成核心志愿者网络是中心网络,起到信息沟通、资源共享中间"桥"的作用,彼此间的高联接度容易影响一般信任往特殊信任关系的转化。本文的研究将为互联网志愿行动提供理论指导,有利于政府合理的引导和管理。

In recent years,voluntary action networks(VANs) in response to disasters based on mass online collaboration has been rapidly developed and become an important and unique force for China's disaster relief.This article aims to explore the structure of VANs through a 3-year follow-up case study(2008-2011).The study leads to a conclusion that the participants of the network define the team and organizational boundaries via relatively fixed QQ group,efficiently conduct communication and mobilization by means of internet.Heterogeneous identity and abundant public resources make them be capable to quickly respond to disasters and effective collaborate with others.The network structure is characterized as 'hierarchical' and 'de-centralized' with distinct self-organizing feature.The trust structure of the network reflects the characteristics of a trust relationship based on parallel interaction of the special trust and general trust,and the core network of volunteers consisting of special trust is the center,playing a role of bridge for communication of information and resource sharing.The close connection between general trust easily affect the conversion to a special trust relationship.The thesis will provide theoretical guidance for internet-based voluntary actions and government guidance and management.For this article is still limited in case analysis,more thorough and in-depth researches in data collection and general theory studies is worth exploring.