腰果酚制备可发性酚醛树脂的合成工艺研究

Study on the synthesis process of foamable phenolic resin from cardanol

以苯酚、腰果酚、甲醛为原料,NaOH为催化剂,乙二醇为助剂,合成了可发性酚醛树脂,通过粘度,固含量,韧性测试研究了原料的配比,腰果酚替代苯酚的比例,催化剂用量,反应时间,反应温度及乙二醇用量对合成树脂性能的影响并通过IR,TG分析对树脂结构及耐热性进行了表征。结果表明,适宜的反应条件为:F/P比(甲醛与总酚物质的量比值)1.6,腰果酚替代量20%,催化剂用量1%,反应时间3 h,反应温度80℃,乙二醇质量分数10%～15%。以腰果酚制备的CPF树脂耐热性变化不明显,拉伸强度为22.34 MPa,断裂伸长率3.08%,冲击强度3.56 kJ/m2,较PF树脂有很大提高。

The foamable phenolic resin（CPF）was synthesized by using phenol,casdanol,formaldehyde as raw material,NaOH as catalyst and ethylene glycol as additive.The effects of raw material molar ratio,substitution ratio of cardanol for phenol,catalyst amount,reaction time,reaction temperature and ethylene glycol dosage on the properties of CPF were investigated by the testings of viscosity,solid content and toughness.The structure and heat resistance of CPF were characterized by IR and TG.The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were as followed： the molar ratio value of formaldehyde to total phenol（F/P） 1.6,cardanol alternative amount 20%,catalyst amount 1%,reaction time 3 h,reaction temperature 80 °C and ethylene glycol mass fraction 10%-15%.The heat resistance of CPF prepared from cardanol did not change significantly.The tensile strength,elongation at break and impact strength of CPF were 22.34 MPa,3.08% and 3.56 kJ/m2,respectively and were greatly improved compared with PF resin.