人文关怀及技能训练对精神分裂症患者康复的作用

Humanistic care and skill training for schizophrenia patients in rehabilitation

目的探讨护理人文关怀及技能训练对精神分裂症患者康复的作用。方法将192例研究对象随机分为研究组和对照组，各96例；研究组应用人文关怀理论，实施3个月的生活、职业、社交、药物自我处置、症状自我监控技能训练和出院后1年的跟踪随访，对照组采用常规护理；用满意度，舒适度问卷、社会功能缺陷筛选表（SDSS）、简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）、住院精神病人康复疗效评定量表（IPROS）、服药依从性、复发率和再住院率来评定其效能。结果训练3个月、出院半年、出院1年，两组患者SDSS、BPRS、IPROS比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；出院1年后，两组患者服药依从性、复发与再住院情况比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；出院时，两组患者满意度／舒适度比较，差异有统计学意义（研究组：95．3分，对照组：84．4分，x2=4．06，P〈0．05）。结论本组研究资料显示，人文关怀融入综合技能训练，能改善患者的精神症状，降低复发率和再住院率，提高服药依从性，对患者的全面康复起到积极、有效的作用。

Objective To investigate the effect of humanistic nursing care and skill training for schizophrenia patients in rehabilitation. Methods 192 patients were randomly divided into research group and control group, 96 for each group. The nursing theory of humanistic care, a three-months skill training about life, occupation, social communication, self medication, symptom self-control, and one year follow-up after discharging were carried on the research group. The control group received conventional care. Satisfaction / comfort questionnaire, Social Disability Screening Scale （SDSS）, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale （BPRS）, the mentally ill in rehabilitation outcome assessment scale （IPROS）, medication adherence, relapse rates and readmission rates were used to assess the efficacy. Results After three months training, six months and I year after discharging from hospital, there were significant, differences in SDSS, BPRS, IPROS between the two groups. One year after discharging from hospital, there were significant differences in medication adherence, relapse, and readmission between the two groups. Upon discharging, there was significant differences in satisfaction / comfort level between the two groups （the research group： 95.3 points; the control group： 84.4 ; X 2=4.06, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The research data shows that humanistic care conbining with comprehensive skill training can improve patients mental symptoms, reduce relapse rates and readmission rates, improve medication adherence, and has a positive and efficacious effect on patients comprehensive rehabilitation.