紫珠属2种植物的花粉生活力及柱头可授性研究

Pollen vitality and stigma receptivity in two species of Callicarpa

采用培养基法和联苯胺--过氧化氢法对紫珠属植物白棠子和老鸦糊的开花过程、花粉生活力和柱头可授性进行了研究。结果表明:白棠子和老鸦糊的单花花期均较短暂,开花24h后即完全凋落。在含200mg/LH3BO3+100g/L蔗糖的液体培养基上培养24h后,白棠子和老鸦糊的新鲜花粉萌发率分别可达90.03%和91.68%;开花前48h至开花后8h,白棠子和老鸦糊的柱头均具有不同程度的可授性,以开花后3～8h可授性强。杂交授粉结果表明,花后3h进行授粉,座果率介于50%～100%之间,证实了上述体外可授性试验结果的可靠性。授粉操作的熟练性是影响座果与否的关键因素之一。白棠子和老鸦糊的新鲜花粉散粉时期与柱头可授期具有同步性,为两者之间开展杂交育种并获得杂种提供了可靠的保障。

Blossoming process,pollen vitality and stigma receptivity of Callicarpa dichotorna and C.giraldii were characterized by in vitro culture and benzidine-H2O2 testing methods.Results indicated that both of the species had a short blossom period of 24 hours.The pollen germination rates of C.dichotorna and C.giraldii were up to 90.03% and 91.68% on a liquid medium supplemented with 200 mg/L H3BO3 and 100 g/L sucrose after 24 hours,respectively.The stigma of the tested species had receptivity from 48 hours before blossoming to 8 hours after blossoming,which was strong in 3 to 8 hours after blossoming.From the cross pollination test at 3 hours after blossoming,the fruit set percentage ranged from 50% to 100%,which verified that the above in vitro results were credible.Operating proficiency was one of the key factors affecting fruit set.The stage of fresh pollen dissemination and stigma receptivity in both of the two species have synchronization,which provids reliable support for cross breeding.