丰林自然保护区种子植物区系研究

Seed plant flora of Fenglin Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province,northeastern China

丰林自然保护区有维管束植物89科299属597种(含种下单位),其中:种子植物76科275属560种,分别占黑龙江省种子植物科、属、种数的73.79%、45.30%和34.15%,占小兴安岭种子植物科、属、种数的77.55%、67.07%和55.94%;本区有珍稀濒危植物8种,分别占黑龙江省和小兴安岭珍稀濒危植物种数的57.14%和80.00%,是黑龙江省和小兴安岭珍稀濒危植物集中分布区之一,为小兴安岭植物区系的典型代表区域。在种子植物中,仅分布有1属的科有41科,其中只有1种的科为24科,仅含1种的属多达164属。科的分布区类型有6个,主要为世界广布(48.68%)、北温带分布(25.00%)和泛热带分布(21.05%);属的分布区类型有11个,温带性质的属占优势,有209属,占76.00%;种的分布区类型有16个,除世界分布和中国特有种外,温带性质的种415种,占该区总种数的74.11%,亚寒带--寒带性质的种92种,占该区总种数的16.43%,热带性质的种34种,占该区总种数的6.07%。区系基本特征为:植物种类相对丰富,地理成分较复杂,具有"科多、属多、种少"的特点,反映出区系的相对古老性和保守性;有较多的寡种属和单种属,反映出植物物种多样性的丰富性和复杂性;以北温带植物区系成分为主,并混有亚热带、热带及亚寒带、寒带植物区系成分,形成南、北混合型。本文对丰林自然保护区种子植物区系的分析,可为该区种子植物的保护和利用及保护区的科学管理提供科学依据。

There are 597 vascular species belonging to 299 genera of 89 families in Fenglin Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China.Amongst them,560 species belonging to 275 genera and 76 families are seed plants,which respectively account for 34.15%,45.30% and 73.79% of Heilongjiang seed plants;and account for 55.94%,67.07% and 77.55% of Xiaoxing’ an Mountains seed plants;there are 8 species of endangered plants in the reserve,accounting for 57.14% and 80.00% of endangered plants in Heilongjiang Province and Xiaoxing’ an Mountains.Fenglin Nature Reserve is one of the main concentrated distribution area of endangered plants of Heilongjiang Province and Xiaoxing’ an Mountains,and it is also a typical plant area of Xiaoxing’ an Mountains flora.In seed plants,41 families only have 1 genus each,24 families only have 1 species each,and 164 genera only have 1 species each.There are 6 types of family distribution,mainly the cosmopolitan （48.68%）,the north temperate （25.00%） and the pan tropic （21.05%）;there are 11 types of genera distribution,and the genera with temperate elements are dominated,which amount to 209 and account for 76.00%;there are 16 types of species distribution,besides the cosmopolitan and the species endemic to China,the number of genera with temperate elements is 415,accounting for 74.11% of the total in this reserve;the number of genera with subfrigid-frigid elements is 92,accounting for 16.43%;the number of genera with tropic elements is 34,accounting for 6.07% of the whole species in this reserve.Floristic characteristics show that species are very rich in this reserve,it also has complex geographic components,with the features of more families,more genera and less species,reflecting its old origin and conservation;genera with single and few species are plenty,showing richness and complexity of plant species diversity;it mostly belongs to the north temperate flora mixing with the plant floristic elements of subtropics,tropic,frigid and subfrigid zones,forming a mixture of the north and the south.This paper systematically analyzes the seed plant flora of Fenglin Nature Reserve,which can provide scientific foundation for protecting and making use of the seed plant flora of the nature reserve,and the way to manage the nature reserve availably.