儿童眼肿瘤410例临床病理分析

Clinical and pathological analysis of ocular tumor in 410 children cases

目的分析儿童眼部肿瘤的构成、分布情况及发病特点。方法对病理科2000年至2010年10年间收集的410例儿童眼部肿瘤的发病年龄、发病部位和病理类型进行回顾性分析。结果全部肿瘤的平均发病年龄为（7．08±2．6）岁，眼内肿瘤发病的年龄年龄最小，只有（2．44±1．5）岁，与其他部位肿瘤相比差异有统计学意义（F=15．658，P=0．001）。从发病部位来看眼结膜肿物最多152例（37．1％），其次为眼眶肿物84例（20．5％）。良性肿瘤362例（88．3％），恶性肿瘤48例（11．7％）。其中良性肿瘤中以皮样囊肿最多见72例（19.9％），其次为皮样瘤63例（17．4％）、皮样脂肪瘤57例（15．7％）、乳头瘤33例（9．1％）等多见。恶性肿瘤中以视网膜母细胞瘤最多见43例（89．6％）其次为横纹肌肉瘤2例（4．2％）。结论儿童眼部肿瘤大多与先天和胚胎异常有关，其中结膜肿瘤最多见。良性肿瘤中皮样囊肿最多见，其次为乳头状瘤、炎性增生和各种上皮性囊肿。恶性肿瘤中视网膜母细胞瘤发病率最高，而且恶性肿瘤的发病年龄早于良性肿瘤。

Objective To explore the classification, distribution and pathogenetic characteristics of ocular tumor in children. Methods Retrospective analysis was taken in age, tumor location and pathological types of 410 children with ocular tumor recruited from Shanxi eye hospital in the year 2000-2010 periods. Results The mean age was 7.08±2.6 years old in all cases. There was significant difference in age of onset among intraocular tumor children comparing to other place tumor by holding on 2.44±1.5 years old （F =15.658, P =0.001）. In terms of tumor location, the first two common lesion location were conjunctiva and orbit with 152 （37.1%） and 84 （20.5%） respectively. Among all cases there were 362 （88.3%） benign tumors and 48 （11.7%） malignant ones. The most popular benign tumor was dermoid cyst contributing to 72 （19.9%） followed by dermoid tumor 63 （17.4%）, derrhatolipoma, 57 （15.7%） and papilloma 33 （9.1%）, etc. The retinoblastoma held the largest percentage of malignant tumors in children ocular with 43 （89.6%） and followed by rhabdomyosarcoma with 2 （4.2%）, etc. Conclusions Ocular tumors in children mainly are congenital and embryonic tumors. The most common ocular tumor in 410 children patients is the conjunctival tumor. Dermoid cysts present the highest prevalence in benign ocular tumor followed by papilloma, inflammatory hyperplasia and epithelium cysts. Among the malignant tumors, retinoblastoma shows the highest prevalence and the age of onset in malignant tumors much younger than benign ocular tumor.