成人依恋的稳定性

The Stability of Attachment in Adulthood

基于依恋"内部工作模式"的稳定性,研究者们认为成人依恋具有跨时间的连续性,可以通过不同时间测得的依恋风格的稳定性来考察。采用各种自陈式问卷和半结构访谈方法的研究显示,在成人发展的不同时期,成人依恋风格均具有中等程度的稳定性。这样的结果暗含了成人依恋也有波动和变化的空间,研究者们提出生活压力、社会认知和个体差异三种模型对成人依恋的变化进行了不同角度的解释。成人依恋稳定性方面已经积累了二十多年的研究成果,但在研究对象的范围、解释模型的建构和研究方法的创新等方面仍存在可改进的空间。

Bowlby＇ s attachment theory holds that the internal working models of attachment developed during childhood can influence the behavior in the interpersonal relations in future. As a result, adult attachment style laid down early years is able to persist, and this continuity of adult attachment can be shown by the stability of adult attachment style in different time. During the past 2 decades researches using different kinds of measurements have demonstrated that adult attachment is relatively stable. However, researchers have become interested in attachment instability and proposed life-stress model, social-cognitive model and individual-difference model to describe the predictors of attachment style change. Though there have been many researches about the stability of adult attachment, some aspect need to be improved further.