男女平等原则在近代中国民法中的确立——以女性法律地位的变迁为视角

Establishing the Principle of Equality between Men and Women in the Modern Chinese Civil Law:Based on Changes in Women's Legal Status

对于缺乏自然法传统及平等观念的中国社会而言,男女平等原则在近代民法中的确立经历了一个曲折的过程。《大清民律草案》首先在立法层面突破了旧体制的局限,初步确立了女性的独立法律地位,但却仅仅停留在文本层面,没有来得及施行就退回到《现行律民事有效部分》。不过,民初大理院却在司法裁判中,常常以"条理"的形式将《大清民律草案》中有关女性权利的进步性规定引入具体的审判实践中,以判解的方式使女性法律地位得以提高。之后,《民国民律草案》在吸收这些进步性判解的基础上,又有进一步的发展,《民国民法典》最终完全确立了男女平等原则。

The establishment of principle of equality between men and women in contemporary civil law has experienced a spiral process because of the lack of a tradition of natural law and the idea of equality in Chinese society. The ＂Draft of Civil Law of the Qing Dynasty＂ established the women＇s independent legal status by first breaking through the limitations of the traditional legal system. Before even getting to its implementation stage, the Draft rescinded and went back to the position of the＂ Civil Component of the Present Criminal Law ＂. However, the Dali Court during the early era of Republican China frequently applied progressive stipulations on Wom- en＇s rights in the ＂Draft of Civil law of the Qing Dynasty＂ in concrete trials and enhanced women＇s legal status by the way ofjudicatory judgments. The ＂Draft of Civil law of the Republic of China＂ developed further by absorbing the progressive judicatory judgments of the Dali Court. Finally, the ＂Civil Code of the Republic of China＂ established the principle of equality between men and women.