第一次世界大战前后日本对外扩张与东亚格局之变动——以华盛顿体系为中心的考察

The Japanese Aggression and the Transformation of East Asian Pattern before and after the World War Ⅰ

日本将第一次世界大战视为"大正天佑",借对德宣战之机,迅速夺取德国在中国山东的利益,并企图在巴黎和会上得到"法理"上的认可,巩固在华"特殊权益"。由于中国代表拒绝在和约上签字,日本未能得逞。第一次世界大战后,列强在远东的竞争加剧。1921年在美国召开华盛顿会议,会议确认了美国的"门户开放、机会均等"原则,形成了主导远东国际关系的华盛顿体系。日本一方面在华盛顿体系的框架下,在与列强的"协调"中求得利益最大化;另一方面,不断寻找机会突破华盛顿体系的限制,从而建立由日本主导的东亚新秩序,实现对外扩张的梦想。九一八事变标志着日本告别华盛顿体系,开始实施建立所谓的东亚新秩序。

Japan regarded the World WarⅠ as 'God bless Taisho'.Through the war declaration on Germany,Japan expanded its interest in Shandong Province quickly.Meanwhile,it attempted to legalize itself in Paris Peace Conference so as to cement its 'special rights and interests'.As the representative of China refused to sign the peace treaty,Japan was frustrated.In the wake of the World War I,the competition among great powers became fiercer.The Conference of Washington,convened in America in 1921,confirmed the principle of America's 'Open door,Equal opportunity for all',and formed the Washington System dominating the international relations in Far East.On one hand,under the framework of the Washington System,Japan sought to maximize its benefits in the 'coordination' with the Powers.On the other hand,it constantly looked for the opportunity to break the restraints of Washington System and set up a new order in the Far East which was dominated by Japan so that it could realize the dream of dominating continental countries like China and North Korea.The Mukden incident marked Japan's farewell to the Washington System.The commencement of its full-scale aggression against China means Japan began to establish its new order of East Asia on its own.