论非物质文化遗产的侵权法保护——基于权利与利益的二分法

The Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage by the Tort Law:A Discussion on the Basis of Dichotomy between Right and Interest

我国非物质文化遗产法律保护的学术研究,近几年奉行权利建构模式,目前形成了独立的私权、知识产权和特殊知识产权三种不同进路。但是,非物质文化遗产的保护,不仅存在权利的保护问题,亦存在利益保护问题。忽视利益的保护或者将利益与权利不加区分地均作为权利予以保护,都是有巨大缺陷的做法。单纯的权利建构模式引发了学术界内部的反思,也在司法实践中受到挑战。侵权法对权利和利益给予强弱不同保护的学术思路和司法实践,可以弥补非物质文化遗产私法保护体系上的缺憾。应在解释论的角度上,为我国非物质文化遗产建构起区分权利与利益,并给予不同程度保护的侵权法体系,以平衡非物质文化遗产的保护与发展、权利创设与创造自由之间的关系。

The current academic research on been following the model of ＂Right Construction＂, the protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in China has and three research paths have been constructed： independent private fight, intellectual property and special intellectual property. However, the protection of Intangible Cul- tural Heritage should not only involve the protection of rights, but the protection of interests as well. Overloo- king interest protection or indiscriminately protecting rights and interests are the two main imperfect practices concerned. Researchers have begun to reflect on the single model of Right Construction recently. Also, the model has confronted judicial challenges. The paper thus concludes that protecting right and interest discrimi- natingly by Tort tural Heritage, Law can help to compensate for the systematic imperfection of the protection of Intangible Cul- and a dichotomous system of Tort Law for the protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage should be constructed by distinguishing right and interest and protecting them discriminately, through which we can bal- ance the protection and the development of Intangible Cultural Heritage, the establishment of right and the free- dom of creation.