朝鲜使臣所见的明天启社会——以洪翼汉《华浦先生朝天航海录》为中心

The Tian-qi Society in Ming Dynasty in the Eyes of Korean Envoys——On the Basis of Hong Yihan's Voyage of Mr Hua Pu

朝鲜使臣作为朝鲜士大夫的一个群体,他们对明代社会的观察与思考至明中叶发生了明显变化。尤其是朝鲜朱子学逐渐深入,使得朝鲜"小中华"自主意识不断增强。与明前期相比,朝鲜使臣开始以从中华学到的价值观念为武器,用批评的眼光来观察思考明代社会。他们通过对明代社会观察与思考,既希望朝鲜王朝引为前车之鉴,更期待着由朝鲜来实现真正的"中华",反映出朝鲜作为东亚的主要朝贡国对自身在东亚国际关系体系中所处地位的关注。

As a part of scholar-officials Korean,Korean envoys had obvious change on observation and thinking of Ming Dynasty＇s society in the medium-term of Ming Dynasty. Especially gradual deepening of Korean Zhu Xi theory made Korea strengthen their self-awareness of Sub-China. Compared with the early-term,Korean envoys began to use the theory learned from China as a weapon to observe and think about the society of Ming Dynasty with a critical eye. The observation and thinking included the wish that Korea could learn a lesson from China and become the real ＂China＂ ,reflecting Korea as a main country in East Asian tributaries concerned its own about the status in the system of international relations in East Asia.