面部扩张手术中纤维包膜的减张作用探讨

APPLICATION OF FACIAL TISSUE EXPANDER FIBROUS ENVELOPE FOR TENSION REDUCTION

目的探讨面部扩张手术中纤维包膜的减张作用。方法 2005年6月-2011年5月,应用皮肤软组织扩张术治疗头面部瘢痕患者21例,其中男6例,女15例;年龄19～33岁,平均24.5岁。增生性瘢痕19例,挛缩性瘢痕2例;瘢痕持续时间1～31年;瘢痕范围4 cm×2 cm～25 cm×10 cm。一期手术时将扩张器置入面部与病损相邻的正常皮肤下,术后按期扩张。二期手术时术中保留基底部纤维包膜并与附近骨膜等相对固定的组织缝合固定,再将皮瓣侧纤维包膜或真皮固定于基底部纤维包膜,以稳定口角、下睑等面部重要结构位置,减少切口张力,维持面颈部重要形态结构。结果一期术后出现扩张器渗漏1例,感染1例,分别经及时更换扩张器后未影响二期手术。患者二期术后均未出现血肿、感染等相关并发症。患者均获随访,随访时间1～18个月,平均10.2个月;其中12例获1年以上随访。均未出现明显口角歪斜、眼眉牵拉、睑外翻等,扩张皮瓣外观、色泽和弹性佳,患者对手术效果满意。结论在面部扩张手术中,利用扩张的纤维包膜可以起到减张和保持口角及下睑位置的作用。

Objective To investigate the application of the fibrous envelope of tissue expanders for the tension reduction. Methods Between June 2005 and May 2011, 21 patients with facial scar were treated with skin soft tissue expansion. There were 6 males and 15 females, aged 19-33 years （mean, 24.5 years）, including 19 cases of hypertrophic scar and 2 cases of atrophic scar with disease duration of 1-31 years. The scars ranged from 4 cm× 2 cm to 25 cm ×10 cm. The tissue expander was implanted under normal skin adjacent to lesions in the first stage. And the post-expanded skin flap was designed as advance flap or transpositional flap as supplement in the second stage. Fibrous envelope at the base was fixed to the periosteum or fascia nearby first, and then sutures were used between envelopes at the base and on the skin flap or to the dermis of the skin flap to keep the mouth and lower eyelid in proper position. It reduced the tension of incision and maintained the contour of the face and neck. Results After the first stage operation, 2 cases had replaced expanders because of infection and leakage. No complication of infection or hematoma occurred after the second stage operation. The patients were followed up 1-18 months （mean, 10.2 months）; of them,12 were followed up more than 1 year. No secondary deformity （deviation of mouth angle, eyebrows pulling, or eyelid ectropion） occurred. The flaps had good appearance and color. The satisfactory results were achieved. Conclusion In skin soft tissue expansion of the face, the fibrous envelopes at the base could reduce the tension of the incision and prevent the deformity of the mouth and lower eyelids.