遥感技术在生态工程动态监测与管理中的应用

Application of Remote Sensing Technology in Dynamic Monitoring and Management of Ecological Engineering

为保障首都生态环境的健康和安全,北京市发改委加强与周边区域的合作,通过开展大量的生态环境治理工程,打造北京天然屏障,保障"绿色北京"的建设。这种跨区域合作的工程项目给监测与监管带来很大的困难。遥感作为宏观监测的新型技术手段,能够辅助掌握和评价工程实施情况,保障环境补偿机制的有效实施。通过对北京地区及周边的生态治理工程进行业务梳理和需求分析,针对京津风沙源治理工程、"稻改旱"工程不同的工作目的和业务需求,应用多源、多时相遥感影像,建立遥感动态监测指标,利用自动分类、人机交互解译与实地调查相结合的方法对工程实施前后遥感表征信息进行监测,评价不同工程在治理与管理中的应用效果。结果表明:通过遥感动态监测,一是能够准确定位工程治理区域,防止治理区域的重复申报;二是能够监管工程实施的实际执行情况和评价实施后的效果;三中辅助确定生态补偿费用;四是为工程规划提供数据支持。

For the healthy and safety of the capital eco-environment,NDRC is strengthening the cooperation with neighboring regions by developing a lot of eco-environment governs to construct Beijing＇s natural barriers and guarantee the ＂Green Beijing＂ construction. The way of inter-regional cooperation project brings great difficulty to the monitoring and management. As a new technical method, the remote sensing （RS） technology is helpful to master and evaluate the situation of engineering＇s implementation, and ensure the effective implementation of the environmental compensation mechanism. In this paper, firstly, business pro- cedure re-arrangement and demand analysis are taken for the govern of eco-environment in Beijing and surrounding area invested by NDRC,such as control engineering of Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source, ＂Rice to dry land crops transformation＂ engineering, etc. Secondly,a monitoring index system is established by using multi-source and multi-temporal RS images,and the character information of the before and after the pro- ject implementation is obtained by the combined methods of automatic classification by computer, interac- tive interpretation and field investigations, etc. At last, the results are analyzed to assess the practical effects of diverse control and management engineering. The research results show that： （1）The method can accurately locate the engineering management area, and prevent repeated and illegal engineering applications;（2）It is able to supervise the engineering implementation and evaluate the effect of the engineering;（3） It will assist to determine the ecological eompensation;（4）It will provide a foundation data for project planning.