国际传热研究前沿──微细尺度传热

FRONTIER OF HEAT TRANSFER──MICROSCALE HEAT TRANSFER

微细尺度传热问题的工程背景来自于８０年代高密度微电子器件的冷却和９０年代出现的微电子机械系统中的流动和传热问题．它的特点是，当空间和时间尺度微细化后，出现了很多与常规尺度下不同的物理现象，其原因可以分为两大类：一类是连续介质的假定不再适用，另一类则是各种作用力的相对重要性发生了变化．所需研究的挑战性问题有，导热系数的尺度效应、导热的波动现象，微小通道中流动和传热，流动压缩性和界面效应等的影响，微细尺度下的辐射和相变等．

The engineering background of the study of microscale heat transfer has been the cooL ing of microelectronic devices since 1980's and flow and heat transfer in MEMS (Micro- Electron Mechanical System) since 1990's. Microscale heat transfer is characterized by some special phenomena at micro length/time scale differing from that in macro scale. The reasons for that are twofold. One is the invalidity of continuum assumption; the other is the variation of the relative importance of various kinds of forces. The challenging problems to be studied in microscale heat transfer include the size effect of heat conductivity, heat wave phenomena, flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannels, interface effects and radiation and phase change at microscale.