儿童气管食管瘘多学科镶嵌治疗成功四例

Multi-disciplinary hybrid therapy for tracheoesophageal fistula in children： analysis of 4 cases

目的探讨多学科镶嵌治疗对儿童气管食管瘘（tracheoesophageal fistula，TEF）的治疗效果。方法2008年4月至2011年10月，我院收治气管食管瘘患儿4例，均为女性，其中H型气管食管瘘2例，气管食管瘘手术后瘘管复发2例。手术中均在消化科、呼吸科和外科协作下，首先通过胃镜注射美蓝，经支气管镜观察美蓝初步判定瘘管的位置，之后将导引钢丝从气管镜内经瘘管导入食管内，利用胃镜活检钳将导引钢丝牵出口腔外，X线下观察到导丝经过瘘管在气管和食道问形成环路，然后根据瘘管位置决定手术切口和手术人路进行手术缝扎。结果本组4例均在通过胃镜、支气管镜联合辅助下，采用“导丝环”定位方法对瘘管进行快速、准确定位，外科均成功缝扎瘘管，随访无瘘管复发。结论术中多学科镶嵌治疗有利于气管食管瘘瘘管准确定位，保证手术顺利有效进行和成功纠治，是治疗儿童气管食管瘘的新模式。

Objective To explore an innovative technique that is aided by multi-disciplinary hybrid approach in identification and treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula （ TEF ） in children intraoperatively. Method From April 2008 to October 2011, 4 patients with isolated TEF were presented with 2 H-type fistulas and 2 recurrent TEF. For all the four cases, with the cooperation of the gastroenterologists, respiratory physician and surgeon, methylene blue was first injected into the trachea for detecting the dye in the esophagus by the gastroscopy. Bronchoscopy was performed where the fistula tract was shown by the methylene blue and a guide wire was passed through the fistula. The patients underwent rigid gastroseopy and the guide wire was identified and brought out through the mouth by biopsy pliers. This created a wire loop through the fistula. X-ray was then used to identify the level of the fistula. According to the level of the fistula it was determined whether surgical incision and approach should be used. The fistula was then repaired successfully by surgery. Result In the 4 patients, with the aid of gastroseopy and bronchoscopy, identification of the fistula intraoperatively was then facilitated by traction on the loop. The fistula was identified and repaired. There were no fistula recurrences. Conclusion Multi-disciplinary hybrid therapy for tracheoesophageal fistula in children is beneficial for the precise localization of the fistula. This new technique is an effective and definitive method in identification and treatment of TEF in children.