西藏昌都历代帕巴拉活佛与中央政府的关系研究

Research on the Relationship between Pagbalha Living Buddhas of Qamdo,Tibet and the Central Government

帕巴拉呼图克图是西藏昌都地区藏传佛教最具权势和名望的大活佛,其传承可追溯到明朝正统二年(1437年),从清顺治帝到乾隆帝期间,受封博善禅师、诺门汗、呼图克图尊号,受驻藏大臣和达赖喇嘛领导,直接管辖察木多(即今西藏昌都一带)地方。帕巴拉活佛的驻锡地为昌都强巴林寺,现已转世到第十一世。在其世系建立过程中,一世至十世帕巴拉间接或直接与祖国内地和中央政府发生亲密友好的历史,尤其是十一世帕巴拉活佛帕巴拉.格列朗杰,把历代帕巴拉与中央政府的亲密关系再次推向高潮,帕巴拉活佛之所以在宗教和政治领域有着崇高的社会地位与威望,除了自身的宗教造诣赢得广大信众的拥护爱戴外,更是与历代中央政府封赐和扶持的结果是完全分不开的。而这点不仅对于我们深刻理解西藏是中国不可分割的一部分具有重要的意义,而且对广大僧俗群众,尤其对藏传佛教活佛高僧具有很多有益的历史启示。

Pagbalha Khutughtu is the most powerful and prestigious Living Buddha of Tibetan Buddhism in Chamdo. The heritage can be traced back to 1437 of the Ming Dynasty. The Living Buddhas had ac-cepted the canonizations from Emperor Shunzhi to Emperor Qianlong period. Pagbalha directly administra- ted the Qamdo area under the leadership of the High Commissioners and Dalai Lama. Pagbalha has been living in the Qamdo Bahrain Temple and now reincarnated to the X1 World. The Pagbalha Living Buddhas always have very close relationship with the mainland and the central government,especially the XI Pagbalha. Pagbalha has lofty social status and prestige in the field of religion and politics which is inseparable with the canonizations and support from the central governments. It is significant for us to understand that Tibet is an inalienable part of China.