抚仙湖流域植被景观格局分析

An analysis on the landscape pattern of the vegetation in Fuxian Lake basin in Yunnan

采用3S技术及结合野外植被样地调查,定量分析抚仙湖流域植被景观结构及各植被景观要素组分在不同海拔、坡向和坡度上的空间分布规律.采用FRAGSTATS 3.3软件,定量分析了抚仙湖流域10种植被景观类斑的空间分布特征.主要研究结果包括:①自然植被、人工植被、居民点和水体分别占研究区面积的31.74%、35.13%、1.84%和31.30%;②旱地集中分布在海拔2 100 m以下;自然植被中,云南松林分布在海拔较低的区域,而华山松林分布于海拔相对较高的区域;③针叶林和半湿润常绿阔叶林等森林植被在阳坡、半阳坡地段分布较阴坡、半阴坡少,而半湿润常绿阔叶灌丛和灌草丛在阳坡、半阳坡地段分布较多;④自然植被集中分布的坡度区间主要在2°～25°之间.

By 3S techniques and sample -plot survey in the field, quantitative analysis was applied to study on the vegetative composition of the landscape and the spatial distribution of the landscape features by different elevation, slope aspects and slope gradient in Fuxian Lake basin. The spatial distribution of 10 vegetative landscape factors was analyzed by FRAGSTATS 3.3. The results show that ： （1） The percentage of water body, residential area, artificial vegetation and natural vegetation to the whole studying area was 31.3% , 1.84% , 35.13% , and 31.74% respectively. （2） Anthropogenic influence was more obvious at the lower altitude area （below 2 100 m）, where rain - fed croplands were widely distributed. Among natural vegetation, Pinus yunnanensis forests were distributed mostly in low altitudes, and P. armandii forests were distributed in high altitudes. （3） Conifer forests and semi - evergreen broad - leaved forests were mainly distributed in shady and semi - shady slopes. However, semi - evergreen broad - leaved scrubs and shrub lands mainly appeared in sunny and semi - sunny slopes. （4） Natural vegetation mostly distributed in the slopes at 2° to 25°.