公共资源治理理论研究的进展和评述

Review on the Governance of Common Pool Resources

公共资源的经济特性常使其处于"公共地悲剧"之中。自哈丁以来,各领域的研究者运用数理方法、博弈论、集体行动理论等对该问题进行了分析,并逐渐形成了个体产权治理、自主组织治理、网络治理、科层内部化(企业)、政府治理五种主流治理模式和集体行动、制度治理、社会元素治理等重要思想。这其中就包括2009年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者奥斯特罗姆和威廉姆森的开创性工作。不过,无论哪种治理模式或思想,其本质都属于某种集体行动。

The economic characteristics of CPR are the cause which make itself fall into the tragedy of commons. Since Hardin Garrett,researchers from many fields analyzed the CPR theme using the means of mathematics, game theory, and collective logic. To the governance of CPR, there exists 5 ways of governance, private property, self-organized governance, network governance, unified governance arid government regulation, including the creative work of Elinor Ostrom and Oliver Williamson, the winners of 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics. Besides, some ideas of collective aetion, instituti.nal governance and social network should also be involved. However, no matter which mode or idea, they are collective actions in nature.