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超声定位与体表标志定位在儿童髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞中的比较:罗哌卡因血浆浓度测定的临床指导意义 被引量:1

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摘要 背景儿童髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞常导致血浆局部麻醉药浓度过高。超声引导能为注射局麻药提供准确的解剖定位,从而影响局麻药的血浆浓度变化。为此,我们比较了超声定位与体表标志定位下行神经阻滞对罗哌卡因血浆浓度的影响。方法在全麻诱导下,将66例准备行腹股沟疝修补术的儿童随机分为两组,年龄为8个月-7岁,一组在超声定位下行髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞(n=35),另一组在体表标志定位下行髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞(n=31),均使用0.5%的罗哌卡因0.25ml/kg(1.25mg/kg),分别在给药后0、5、10、20、30分钟用高效液相色谱法测罗哌卡因的血浆浓度,观察最大血浆浓度(Cmax),达峰时间(tmax),吸收率常数(ka),在时间0分钟时血浆浓度的上升速度(dC0/d1)和曲线下面积值(AUC)。结果使用超声定位技术阻滞患儿的Cmax(sd)、ka、dC0/dt和AUC的值均高于使用标志定位技术的值,而tmax的值也短于使用标志定位技术的值。[Cmax:1.78(0.62)vs1.23(0.70)μg/ml,P〈0.01;ka:14.4(10.7)vs11.7(11.4)h^-1,P〈0.05;dC0/d1:0.26(0.12)vs0.15(0.03)μg·ml^-1·min^-1,P〈0.01;AUC:42.4(15.9)vs27.2(18.1)μg·30min^-1·ml^-1,P〈0.001;tmax:20.4(8.6)vs25.3(7.6)分钟,P〈0.05)。结论药物代谢动力学数据表明:与体表标志定位相比,在超声定位下行髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞局麻药的最大血浆浓度更高,药物吸收也更快。因此,在超声定位下行髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞时需要考虑减少局麻药的用量。 BACKGROUND: Ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve blockade (INB) is associated with high plasma concentrations of local anesthetics (LAs) in children. Ultrasonographic guidance enables exact anatomical administration of LA, which may alter plasma levels. Accordingly, we compared plasma levels of ropivacaine after ultrasonographic versus landmark-based INB. METHODS: After induO_ion of general anesthesia, 66 children (8 - 84 mo) scheduled for inguinal hernia repair received INB with 0. 25 ml/kg of ropivacaine 0. 5% (1.25 mg/kg) either by a landmark-based (n = 31 ) or by an ultrasound-guided technique (n = 35). Ropivacaine plasma levels were measured before (0) and 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after the LA injection, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), the absorption rate constant (ka), the speed of rise of the plasma concentration at Time 0 (dC0/d1), and area under the curve value (AUC) were determined. RESULTS: The ultrasound-guided technique resulted in higher Cmax (SD), ka, dC0/d1, and AUC values and shorter tmax compared with the landmark-based technique (Cmax: 1.78 [0. 62] vs 1.23 [0.70] μg/ml, P 〈 0.01;ka:14.4 [10.7] vs11.7 [11.4] h^-1 p 〈0.05;dC0/d1:0. 26 [0. 12] vs0.15 [0.03] μg/ml·min, P〈0.01;AUC: 42.4 [15.9] vs 27.2 [18.1] μg 30 min/ml, P 〈 0.001; tmax: 20.4 [8.6] vs 25.3 [7.6] min, P 〈 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetic data indicate faster absorption and higher maximal plasma concentration of LA when ultrasound was used as a guidance technique for INB compared with the landmark-based technique. Thus, a reduction of the volume of LA should be considered when using an ultrasound-guided technique for INB.
出处 《麻醉与镇痛》 2012年第3期33-37,共5页 Anesthesia & Analgesia
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