多元化视域下种族优惠待遇政策的走向——美国西雅图案(PICS案)的反思与启示

Growing Trend of Racial Preferential Treatment from a Diversity Perspective——An Introspection on the PICS in the United States

种族问题在美国仍然是一个敏感而无法回避的议题。近年来,出于种族平衡目的的多元化教育及其相关优惠待遇政策也招来了越来越多的来自法院以及广大民众的质疑与反对。2007年美国联邦高等法院对西雅图案例的判决结果对美国当前以至未来的基于种族融合的多元化教育产生了深远的影响。西雅图案例将进一步敦促美国中小学思考该如何通过采用更有效率,伤害较小、违宪性更低的教育政策与手段,来达到协助少数族裔以及实现多元化学校教育的目的。

The racial problem still remains one of unavoidable sensitive issues in the United States.In recent years,more and more inquiries and oppositions came from courts and society with regard to diversity education and preferential treatment for the purpose of maintaining racial balance.The U.S.Federal Supreme Court＇s ruling to the Seattle Case in 2007 has exercised profound influence on race-based policies that schools leaders use to desegregate schools both in present days and in the future.The Seattle Case will continue to cause PK（Prekindergarten）-12 schools in the United States to consider what more effective,less harmful and less unconstitutional diversity policies and means to be taken to help persons of color and maintain diversity.