两汉疾疫及其应对机制初探

Infectious Diseases in the West and East Han Dynasties and Their Coping Mechanisms

两汉时期疫情较为严重,从地域分布来看,北至草原地带,南至岭南,均有疾疫。从发病时间来看,以春、夏两季居多。分析正史中关于两汉疾疫的记载,复原两汉疾疫概况,揭示两汉时人对疾疫产生的制约因素的认识,主要包括月令气候制约、环境灾害制约、天人感应鬼神怪物的制约等三个因素。同时,两汉时期已经建立了较为完善的疾疫应对机制,包括医药治疗和禳疫两种形式。研究两汉时期的疾疫应对机制对我们现在应对流行性传染病有着重要意义。

China suffered rather serious infectious diseases in the West and East Han Dynasties.These diseases occurred extensively,ranging from the prairie region in the north to the Five Ridges in the south,and frequently,mostly in spring and summer.An analysis of historical records of infectious diseases in the West and East Han Dynasties is necessary to recover the general situation of those diseases,reveal the current perception of binding elements to the rise of infectious diseases,mainly including restrictions of climate and phenology in lunar months,environmental disasters and supernatural powers by heaven-man interactions.Meanwhile,a complete coping mechanism to infectious diseases was already established in the periods,including medical treatment and disease-prevention.Therefore,a study of the coping mechanisms to infectious diseases in the West and East Han Dynasties is of great significance to our current practice of coping with infectious diseases.