论美国《塔夫脱—哈特莱法》产生的原因及后果

On Causes and Results of the Introduction of Taft-Hartley Bill in the United States

美国国会于1947年通过的《塔夫脱—哈特莱法》是在冷战大背景下提出的,它既有深刻的经济原因,也是冷战期间一部典型的具有浓烈反共意识形态色彩的反劳工立法。该法修订了1935年保护劳工利益的《瓦格纳法》,维护了大企业主和统治集团的既得利益,以反共为由侵犯了工人组织罢工、集体谈判等政治和经济权利,导致工会内部分裂,工人力量削弱,造成严重后果。美国工人和工会对此做出了坚决回应,强烈抗议法案的通过,彰显了美国工人阶级的反抗精神。

It was against the background of Cold War that the U.S.Congress introduced Taft-Hartley Bill.This was a typical anti-labour act with deep-set anti-communist ideology.The bill revised the 1935 Wagner Bill aiming to protect labour interests by adding articles to defend the existing interests of heads of big enterprises and ruling groups,causing grave causes and results.For instance,it,in an anti-communist disguise,violated the workers＇ political and economic rights to organize strikes and hold collective talks,directly leading to internal separation of trade unions and weakening of worker force.In response to the situation,American workers and trade unions made a determined reaction,delivering strong protests against the introduction of the bill,which gave expression to the resisting spirit of American working class.