日据时期的台湾民族学调查与研究

Investigation and Research of Taiwan Ethnology during the Period of Japanese Occupation

日据时期的民族学调查,除日本民族学会派出的鸟居龙藏等学者、台湾总督府"临时台湾旧惯调查会"外,还有地方团体如东台湾研究会,以及学校和博物馆的工作人员。主要代表人物有鸟居龙藏、伊能嘉矩、森丑之助、佐山融吉等。鸟居龙藏被称为台湾人类学研究的先驱性角色。他先后4次到台湾进行民族学田野调查,首先提出"Yami(雅美)"为兰屿岛上居民的族称,并把摄影技术首次应用于田野调查。森丑之助是一位从田野调查进入民族学领域的学者,提出了不同于其他学者的对台湾世居少数民族的分类法。台湾总督府"临时台湾旧惯调查会"及后来的"蕃族课"或"蕃族调查会",在组织民族学田野调查和研究成果的成功出版方面也取得了大量成果,建构了泰雅、赛夏、布农、邹、鲁凯、排湾、卑南、阿美和雅美9族历史。当然,日据时期民族学调查的根本目的,是为殖民统治服务的。

Abstract：There were some other local research groups （for instance, Taiwan Rudong Research Committee） , and staffs from universities and the museums of Taiwau during the period of Japanese occupation in addition to Japanese scholars like Ryuzo Torii（鸟居龙藏） from Japan Ethnology Investigation Committee and Temporary Old Customs Investigation Committee of Governor-General of Taiwan, The main representatives are Torii Ryuzo （鸟居龙藏）, Inou Kanori （伊能嘉矩）, Moriusi Nosuke （森丑之助） ,Sayama Yuukiti（佐山融吉）, etc. Ryuzo Torii is known as the pioneer of Taiwan anthropological studies. He had been to Taiwan four times to conduct ethnographic fieldwork investigation. He is the first person to name the island residents as ＂Yami （ Yameizu ）＂ and he is also the first person to use photography in the field investigation. Moriusi Nosuke is a field scholar who started ethnology research due to field investigation. He is addicted to field investigation and puts forward different classification of Taiwan minority nationalities from other scholars. Both the Temporary Old Customs Investigation Committee of Taiwan Governor-General and ＂ The department for Fanzu＂ and ＂The association for Fanzu investigation＂ have made great achievements in the organization of ethnographic field work and research, also successful publishing. Furthermore, they construct the histories of Taiya, Saixia, Bunong, Paiwan, Zou , Lukai, Beinan,Amei and Yami,which contributes greatly to the research of Taiwan aboriginal social organization research.