小儿气管、支气管异物2879例分析

An analysis on 2879 children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies

目的分析小儿气管、支气管异物的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2879例小儿气管、支气管异物的发生年龄分布、性别构成比、地域分布、就诊情况、气管异物常见种类和异物所在部位。结果 1-3岁组气管、支气管异物发病率明显高于其他年龄组(P<0.01)。来源于乡村的患者2305例,城市574例,城/乡比例为1∶4.02。2352例(81.69%)有明确异物吸入史。有89.37%的儿童气管、支气管异物在1个月内确诊。异物的种类繁杂,嵌顿位置以右侧一级支气管最为多见(41.44%)。所有气管、支气管异物均在全麻下行支气管镜检术取出。结论城乡经济发展不平衡、小儿监护不到位是儿童气管异物发病率城乡差别的主要原因。健康教育是预防小儿气管、支气管异物的有力措施和关键。

Objective To analyze the clinical features of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children. Methods A total of 2879 children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies was retrospectively analyzed on the age distribution, the ratio of male to female, the geographical distribution, the kinds and locations of foreign body. Results The incidence of tracheobronchial foreign bodies was much higher in 1 to 3 years old group than that in the other age groups （P〈0. 01）. Most cases of tracheobronchial foreign bodies came from rural area（80. 06%）. The most common site of foreign bodies was the right main bronchus （41.44%）. A total of 2352（81.69%）cases had a clear histoy of foreign body aspiration. The tracheobronchial foreign bodies in all cases were taken out with hard bronchoseope under general anesthesia. Conclusion The uneven development of urban and rural economies and inadequate guardans may be responsible for the high incidence of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in rural areas. Health education is a powerful and key measure to prevent tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children.