全血细胞减少的骨髓活检病理学特点

Bone marrow pathologic features of patients with pancytopenia

目的探讨全血细胞减少患者的骨髓病理学特点。方法回顾性分析了150例全血细胞减少患者的病因与骨髓病理学表现。结果引起全血细胞减少的病因主要为造血系统疾病(111例,74.0%),非造血系统疾病相对少见(39例,26.0%)。造血系统疾病中以再生障碍性贫血(AA)(47例,31.3%)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)(25例,16.7%)、急性白血病(AL)(16例,10.7%)、原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)(12例,8.0%)最为多见AA、MDS、AL、PMF等多数造血系统疾病具有典型的骨髓病理表现。除骨髓转移瘤以外,非造血系统疾病缺乏典型病理学表现。结论骨髓活检能够总体反映骨髓组织结构与细胞分布,在全血细胞减少的诊断与鉴别诊断中具有重要意义.

To explore the bone marrow biopsy pathologic features of pancytopenia. [ Methods ] The causes and the bone marrow pathologic findings were analyzed in 150 patients with paneytopenia. [Results] The common causes of paneytopenia were hematopoietie diseases （111 cases, 74.0%） and non-hematopoietie diseases were less common （39 cases, 26.0%）. The most frequent causes of hematopoietic diseases were aplastic anemia（AA） （47 cases, 31.3%）, myelodysplastie syndrome （MDS）（25 cases, 16.7%）, acute leukemia （AL）（16 cases, 10.7%） and primary myelofibrosis （PMF） （12 cases, 8.0%）. For most hematopoietic diseases including AA, MDS, AL and PMF, the bone marrow pathology was typical whereas atypical for non-hematopoietic diseases with the exception of bone marrow metastases. [ Conclusion ] Bone marrow biopsy can reflect the structure of myeloid tissues and the distribu- tion of cells. It is significant important in the diagnostic and differential diagnosis of pancytopenia.