贵州省1984—2010年农区鼠情监测结果分析

Analysis of Monitoring Result of Rural Rodents in Guizhou Province from 1984 to 2010

为研究农区鼠类种群组成及种群数量变化规律,并为其种群数量预测预报和防治提供科学依据。通过分析1984—2010年贵州省30个县(市、区)农区鼠情监测结果表明,贵州省家栖鼠类和农田鼠类隶属2目(啮齿目、食虫目)3科(鼠科、仓鼠科、鼩鼱科)18种,主要集中于鼠科,占总种数的77.78%,在区系组成上以东洋界种类占绝对优势,占总种数的66.67%。褐家鼠、黄胸鼠为家栖鼠优势种,分别占总鼠数的51.26%、29.16%,小家鼠为常见种,占总鼠数的16.80%;黑线姬鼠为农田区(稻田、旱地)害鼠优势种,占总鼠数的62.57%,褐家鼠、黄胸鼠为常见种,分别占总鼠数的12.29%、14.73%,在部分地区为农田害鼠优势种,高山姬鼠为黔西北部分地区优势种。贵州省农区灭鼠的重点是黑线姬鼠、高山姬鼠、褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠5种害鼠,应将其列为贵州省主要的监测对象。住宅区混合鼠种种群数量明显高于农田区,种群数量呈明显的下降趋势,不同年度、不同时期、不同月份、不同季节种群数量存在明显差异。根据贵州省多年来的农区鼠害测报及防治实践,明确了农区鼠害监测及综合防治的技术路线,提出了一套切实可行的农区鼠害监测技术和综合防治配套技术。

In order to find out the rodent population composition and the changes of population dynamics and provide scientific basis for forecast and prevention of population, the monitoring results of rural rodents in 30 counties （cities, districts） in Guizhou Province from 1984 to 2010 were analyzed. It is found that the rodents in Guizhou Province belonged to 2 orders （Rodentia, Insectivora） 3 families （Muridae, Cricetidae, Sorieidae） and 18 species, mainly Muridae, accounting for 77.78% of the total number. Oriental species was absolutely dominant species in fauna composition, accounting for 66.67% of the total number. In residential area, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi were dominant species, occupying 51.26 and 29.16% of the total number, respectively. Mus musculus was common species, accounting for 16.80% of the total number. In agriculturalareas, Apodemus agrarius was dominant species （paddyfield, dryland）, occupying 62.57% of the total number. Rattus norvegieus and Rattus tanezumi were common species, respectively, occupying 12.29% and 14.73% of the total number. They were also dominant species of agricultural rodents in some areas. Apodemus ehevrieri was dominant species in the northwestern parts of Guizhou Province. The focal monitoring species in Guizhou Province were Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegieus, Rattus tanezumi and Mus museulus. The number of rodents in residential areas was significantly higher than that in agricultural. Population dynamics showed a downWard trend and varied significantly with different year, different period, different months and different seasons. According to the forecast and control practices of agricultural rodents in several years in Guizhou Province, the technical route of monitoring and integrated control of agricultural rodents was pointed out, and a set of practical monitoring technology and integrated control matching technology of agricultural rodents was presented and discussed.