早熟芽变“嘎拉”与普通“嘎拉”苹果的生物学性状比较

Comparison of Biological Characteristics Between ‘ Gala ’ Apple and Its Early Maturing Bud Mutation

以普通"嘎拉"苹果为对照,对早熟芽变"嘎拉"的生物学性状进行了研究。结果表明:早熟芽变的物候期与普通"嘎拉"基本一致,但成熟期提前25d左右;芽变"嘎拉"树体变矮,分枝变多,节间长、叶宽和叶厚分别为"嘎拉"的1.07、1.16、1.17倍;但分枝长、叶长、叶柄长没显著变化;主干增粗速度变慢。芽变"嘎拉"的花瓣长、宽,花药纵、横径,花柄长度、粗度,花粉萌发率,花冠大小分别为"嘎拉"的0.87、1.16、0.94、1.14、0.63、1.49、0.70、0.87倍。早熟芽变"嘎拉"的平均单果重为206.2g,比对照增加了25.3%;可溶性固形物含量为13.87%,降低了4%;可溶性糖含量为5.55%,比对照降低了9%;可溶性酸含量为0.1%,降低了66.6%;糖酸比为56,提高了267%;果面色泽为条红,着色均匀。综合各项指标认为,该早熟芽变是一个综合性状优良的变异。

Biological characteristics of an early maturing bud mutation ‘ Gala ’ apple were compared with the normal one as the control.The results showed that the phenological period of the early bud mutation ‘ Gala ’ apple was mainly consistent with the normal ones but the mature period about 25days earlier.The bud mutation had shorter tree bodies,more branches and lower growth rate of trunk diameter.The length of internode,the width and thickness of leaf were 1.07,1.16and 1.17times than the control,respectively.There was no difference in the length of branch,leaf and petiole.The length and width of petal,lengthways and transverse of anther diameter,length and diameter of anthocaulus,germination rate of anther,and the size of corolla were 0.87,1.16,0.94,1.14,0.63,1.49,0.70and 0.87times than the control,respectively.The average fruit weigth was 206.2g,which was 25.3% higher than the control.The content of soluble solid,soluble sugar and soluble acid were 13.87%,5.55%and 0.1%,which was 4%,9%and 66.6%lower than the control,respectively.The sugar acid ratio was 56,which was 267%higher than the control.The fruit surface was covered with striped red equably.In conclusion,the early maturing ‘ Gala ’ was a mutation with excellent comprehensive properties.