甘肃沿黄灌区设施蔬菜施肥现状及问题分析

Status Investigation of Fertilizing on Greenhouse Vegetable Production in Yellow River Irrigation Area

通过问卷调查和室内测试,分析了沿黄灌区设施蔬菜施肥现状。结果表明:种植户在施用有机肥、化肥及灌水方面存在较大的盲目性,有机肥和化肥的投入量同时增加,缺乏平衡施肥的理念。种植区有机肥投入量在52～337t/hm2,化肥折算纯氮肥年平均投入量为1 165～4 865kg/hm2,磷肥(P2O5)年平均投入量为1 079～2 960kg/hm2,钾肥年平均投入量为631～3 321kg/hm2。设施不同土层土壤pH均显著低于农田土壤,土壤电导率则明显高于农田土壤,其中靖远、皋兰、红古设施土壤电导率超过了蔬菜的生育障碍临界值(EC>0.4mS/cm)。

By questionnaire investigation and laboratory testing, the status of fertilizer supply based on greenhouse vegetable production was analyzed in Yellow River irrigation area. The results showed that there was a big blindness for application rates of organic manure and chemical fertilizer as well as the amount of irrigated water during the greenhouse cultivation. An increase in organic manure applied coupled with large amounts of chemical fertilizer supplied. Application rates of organic manure was supplied from 52-337 t/hm2. Mean annual nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium application rates were inputted from 1 165-4 865 kg/hm2 ,1 079-2 960 kg/hm2 and 631-3 321 kg/hm2 , respectively, pH of soil profile in greenhouse cultivation soils was lower than those in open field soils,whereas soil EC was significantly increase in greenhouse cultivation. The soil EC of greenhouse vegetable production collected from Honggu,Gaolan,Jingyuan had exceeded the threshold value of vegetable growth （0. 4 mS/cm）.