钾肥对北疆陆地棉干物质积累动态、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation Dynamic,Yield and Quality of Land Cotton in North Xinjiang

2009年和2010年,通过大田试验研究不同施钾处理对北疆陆地棉棉花干物质积累规律以及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:不同年份不同施钾肥处理棉株干物质积累动态变化可用"S"曲线方程拟合,且干物质积累速率均呈单峰曲线变化,峰值出现在出苗后105d左右;其中,中等施肥量处理,棉株地上部总干物质、茎叶干物质和蕾铃干物质生长的最快时期提前,关键时期持续期长,干物质积累量和积累速率增加,单株铃数和单铃质量显著增加,而且2a的皮棉产量分别达到1 514.95和1 785.88kg/hm2,比同年未施肥处理分别提高了16.23%和52.20%,比高施肥量处理分别提高了6.46%和19.33%。中等施钾量可显著改善棉花品质,主要增加棉纤维长度、整齐度、强度和伸长率,但对马克隆值、成熟度指数影响很小。

This paper, through field experiment in 2009 and 2010, studied the dry matter accumulation characteristics, yield and quality of cotton affected by different potassium fertilization strategies. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of cotton was appeared ＂S＂ curve. The dry matter accumulation rate changed as a single-peak curve and the peak value emerged about 105 d after seed emergence. Among them, the fast-growing period of total dry matter of shoot, stem and leaf dry matter and bud and boll dry matter were all advanced through medium of fertilizer K4 processing, and had a long time of crucial period, effectively increased dry matter accumulation amount and rate, significantly improved boll number per plant and single boll weight of cotton, so the two years of the experiment lint yields came to 1 514. 95 and 1 785. 88 kg/hm2, increasing respectively by 16. 23% and 52.20% compared to the same year not fertilizing processing, increased average respectively by 6. 460/00 and 19. 33% compared to high rate of treatment. Accordingly, potassium fertilization may improve fiber quality of land cotton, among which the length, uniformity, intensity and elongation rate of cotton fiber were all increased. However, it had little influence on Micronaire value and maturity index.