高原大蒜干物质积累与分配特性

Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Garlic in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

为探讨高原大蒜干物质积累与分配特性,以青海乐都紫皮大蒜为材料,采用单因素试验设计,研究萌芽期至成熟期大蒜植株鳞茎、假茎、叶片、蒜薹等器官的干物质积累及分配特性。结果表明,全生育期大蒜植株可食用部位的总干物质积累及鳞茎部位的干物质积累变化趋势为先下降后上升,至成熟采收期干物质积累量达最大;而地上部干物质积累则在植株生长旺盛期积累量达最大,后期降低。干物质的分配比例随着植株生长中心发生转移,鳞茎是干物质分配的主要器官。在生长前期鳞茎干物质分配比例呈下降趋势,生长后期分配比例上升;而茎叶干物质分配比例在蒜薹伸长期达最大,之后开始下降。大蒜植株干物质的积累、分配是随生长中心的转移而变化,生育前期干物质积累主要发生在茎叶部位,蒜薹采收后干物质主要分配并转移至鳞茎部位。

Explore the dry matter accumulation and distribution of garlic in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Single factor experiment was conducted to study dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics for bulbs, stems, leaves, garlic sprouts and other edible parts of Ledu garlic during the period of infancy to the maturity. The result showed that the total dry matter accumulation and bulb part dry matter accumulation decreased firstly and then increased, and reached the highest in harvest time;dry matter accumulation of above-ground plant parts reached the maximum in the period of rapid growth, and then reduced latterly. Dry matter allocation proportion changed with the change of plant growing center, the bulb is the major organ for the dry matter distribution; dry matter distribution proportion of the bulb is declined in the early growth stage, and increased at later growth stage. The distribution proportion of garlic leaves and stems was the biggest in the elongating stage of garlic sprout, and then declined. The dry matter accumulation and distribution of garlic changed with the change of growth center. The dry matter accumulation mainly occurred in stems and leaves in early stage. After garlic bolt harvest, dry matter was distributed or moved to the bulbs.