缅甸中部干旱地区土壤侵蚀的分析

Analysis of Soil Erosion in Arid Zone of Central Myanmar

伊落瓦底江中游是缅甸中部著名的干热地带 ,地壤流失严重。在研究中 ,首先利用遥感图像 (1995年的TM图像 ,1998年的TM和SPOT图像 )进行判读和土壤侵蚀地面实况的野外验证。同时 ,根据影响土壤侵蚀的生态环境因子 ,建立实验区的数字高程模型和空间数据库。然后 ,在地理信息系统 (GIS)中进行土壤侵蚀测定以及生态环境因子相关分析。影响土壤侵蚀的生态环境因子很多 ,但植被和耕作方式是人们可以控制的因子。在此基础上提出水土保持和环境的对策。

Soil is an important resource on the Earth which provides materials and foods to people live on. The force and effects of the soil quality and quantity, both better and worse, touch the lives of local people. So the soil is too precious to be eroded away without trying to hold it in place and increase its productivity. The middle reaches of Ayeyarwaddy in Myanmar, is the most well known arid zone. The soil erosion and land retrogression are endangering the people's lives. In this paper, we put forward a way of studying soil erosion and relations of soil erosion factors by integrated GIS and RS. Firstly, satellite images (TM and SPOT) have been integrated and the ground real conditions have been rectified. Secondly, according to the ecological environmental factors, the spatial database and Digital Elevation Model of the study area have been built. Finally, referring to National Universal Soil Loss Equation, the quantitation and distribution of the soil erosion, risks and changes have been obtained. By simulation and measuring, we study the relations in soil erosion and measurement, the relations in the soil erosion among forest type and crown, topography and the soil texture. Furthermore, we put on the rational spatial allocation of agriculture and forest. Thus, it is important and imperative to conserve the nature forest, close forest area, afforest in bare land, rationally utilize land and implement water and land conservation project as a way to control the soil erosion for ecological environment rehabilitation and the sustainable development.